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пежт MEETING
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MEETING MINUTES...... MEETING ПАТЕ............... SPECIAL КЕРОКТ..........
ZX81 PROGRAM......
BITS&PIECES....................
PREZ SEZ......
THIS ASS UE. aoa
ZXAppeal is a monthly
ZX81 LIBRARY LIST..
10 11 41-2 14 bf
newsletter put out by the
Vancouver Sinclair Users Group. For more information on the
SOFTW ARE REVIEW..
ZX81 HDWRE PRJT....
group and ZXAppeal see the backcover.
18 19
qua Q 5 24 0 A oo Qo do on
TIME DESIGNS ....... 2068 TIPS...
lal Report: FRACTALS
f Spec
THS ISSUE...
This month is a bit of a catch-up month as there wasn’t a newsletter last month due to the lack of submissions so we include the minutes of the last three meetings in this issue - should help you out-of-towners with what's been happening at the meetings lately. We start off with a message and reminder from Gerd that next meeting is the Annual Meeting where we elect new officers or elect the same ones for that matter. REMEMBER: ALL THOSE NOT ATTENDING THE MEETING ARE AUTOMATICALLY NOMINATED FOR A POSITION! Fred N. drops by with a nice little hardware project for the 7Х81 - а Proportional joystick interface! Wilf submitted an article about a few of his favourite housekeeping programs for the ZX81 and includes the program listings.
Gerd has made up a list of the titles in the ZX81 library which is reprinted within. An addition to our ZX81 library is a Fractal landscape generator by Fred М, which automatically means it’s super, and so we reprint a timely article from Computing Canada elaborating а little оп this fascinating topic. We've tried to round out the issue with a choice selection of reprints
from our exchanging newsletters. 996944006599909099960868S8OREERGRGGATTACOSES
see WANTED: NEWSLETTER PUBLISHERe##
| enjoy putting the newsletter together but | could use a little help. Up until now Рме done the entire operation alone: article selection, article preparation, article retyping if necessary, cut&paste, layout, photocopying, collating, folding, stuffing, glueing flap down, sticking on stamp, printing labels, sticking on labels, and chucking in the mail box. Im getting prettu efficient at all of this but that. doesn't lessen the fact that it does take some time апа: energy to accomplish. At the last meeting | announced that |
wanted to pass on the editorship after completing two more issues. Gerd and | have discussed this topic and have come to the agreement that if someone else will take on the "Publisher" being the "Editor".
role, РП keep on Being "Publisher" means
taking the stack of photocopied pages and
fold,stuff,glue,lick,etc. "| make it, you mail it" Any takers?
SHESSSHKSSKESKASKKAASHSSSASHSSSSHHSHSESEE
BITS & PIECES...
remember the PC8300, the "Chinese ZX81"? All of you who didn’t grab one of these little green and cream beauties from the States can now get one here in ol’ Ka Na Da. Price is $29.95 plus $3.00 shipping to Princess Auto Ltd., P.O. Box 1005, 475 Panet Ва, Winnipeg, MB. R3C 2W7. Phone is 1-800-665-8685 if uou want to put it on your Visa or M/Card.
--ав mentioned above we've heard from Fred N. Fred reports he is back in Nelson and is cheerfully and, more importantly, gainfully employed fixing stereos, VCRs, satellite dishes, and all manner of other doodahs electronic, Fm sure. His latest programming masterpiece is for the 2Х81, of course, and generates Fractal landscapes. Fred has donated a copy of this program to the club library but be advised that as this program takes the ZX81 to its limits so must you.
A 64K RAMPAK as well as the 8K SRAM or equivalent must be in place on the 2Х81.
Fred also reported the next hardware project he was considering was to mount a ZX81 to his motorcycle to keep track of all the mechanical operations of the bike while going to Ottawa this summer. Just think what Fred could accomplish if he had a "real" computer!
..the “grapevine” reports that Uncle Clive has married. This woman | would like to meet. She’d have to be mighty interesting to keep Clive’s attention.
..the “grapevine” also reports rumours that a desktop computer from Cambridge Computers is оп the way.
speaking of tous from Cambridge, did anyone turn to page 172 in the April PLAYBOY?
-Frank Davis et al who brought you the successful Mid-West TS Fests in Cincinatti and Indianapolis are considering whether to consider whether doing so again this coming Fall, so says the Indiana T/S newsletter. I'm sure they’ll be watching the outcome of the
upcoming CATS CapitolFest.
..2ebra Systems is said to be moving very quickly away from T/S oriented goodies. Apparently the CapitolFest will see a total sellout of their remaining T/S stock as they move into the RS CoCo world. If there was a particular software title or hardware item you've been meaning to pick up, DO IT NOW! l've heard that Zebra won't accept any order for less than $25 so you better hurry.
„Тит Woods where are you??? Мо one has been able to get in touch with Tim for quite a while. The Time Designs telephone is answered by a machine but messages aren't returned. We've heard about the various critical events that have impacted on the Woods familu: the reported passing of Tim's dad must have understandably taken Tim's attention away from these actually quite frivilous matters but at the same time Tim must eventually let those who are patiently waiting to hear from him know what he has in mind for the future of Time Designs.
„ме had NOVA 1000, multitasking for the ZX81. Now Lloyd Dreger of the SMUG group has developed “true multi-tasking for the 2068 a la the QL", to guote Dr.Dreger. The program to accomplish this was printed in the SMUG newsletter but under notice of copyright. We'll be getting in touch with the SMUG group to ask if we can reprint the program for our members to try. MS-DOS emulation on the QL is now a fact. RMG Enterprises recently sent out a flyer describing all the wonderful things you would be able to accomplish with your QL if you wanted to run MS-DOS without an MS-DOS machine.
remember this word "SAM". You're going to be hearing alot about this word in the near future. The following “Sinclair Scene“ section of the British Computer Shopper. "SAM 16 а low-cost micro from Miles Gordon Technology with a modern specification - 256К of RAM, expandable to 512K, 64 colours, 85 column text or 512 X 192 dot graphics, and optional
780K 3.5" disk drives. From our tests it seems that SAM is actually MORE compatible with established Spectrum programs апа add-ons than Amstrad’s *genuine’ Spectrum Plus Three. Designer Bruce Gordon has five years experience
is taken from the
building third-party Spectrum add-ons, so he knows the ins and outs of Spectrum compatibility. For instance, SAM recognises IN 10495, the attribute port which is used by many programs but not implemented in the Spectrum Plus 3 or Plus 2A. The SAM processor is a Z808 running at GMHz - 70 per cent faster than the Spectrum’s 3.5 MHz Z80A. Most Spectrum games run at the normal speed as their code tends to be synchronised to the display frame time but utilities and languages run noticeably faster on SAM. The original projected price was 99 pounds but that has been overtaken by chip price changes. The new prediction is £199 for the disk version and around £140 for the cassette version. Both come with 256K of memory but can be expanded to 512K by plugging in two extra chips into pre-installed sockets inside. The SAM ROM is dramatically different from Sinclair’s. It's twice as long - 32K, in two 16K banks. The BASIC interpreter is derived from the Spectrum Product BetaBASIC. SAM runs existing Spectrum BASIC programs and the best features of the ZX BASIC remain. SAM can load and run ZX BASIC because it detects the old file format and re-tokenises the entire program in a brief pause after loading and before running. You can save your ZX BASIC program back but it won't run on a Spectrum - іп this case compatibility is a one-way path. SAM has a pallette of 64 display colours, like IBM's EGA colour display. it supports four graphics rnodes compared to the Spectrum's one(shades of the 2068..ed) SAM Пав flexible memory paging in 16K chunks. You can divide RAM into several sections, each of which looks like a separate computer.
Users can swap between displays ог program areas at any time, so - for instance- a 256K SAM could arrange its memory as five 48K sections each with a different program inside! You can load several machine-code programs at a time even if each one expects total control of a 48K computer. You could swap programs by pressing a special keu that calls up SAM's pallette and memory manager. The sound
chip is the only obscure part of SAM - it's a Philips SA-1099, the AY-3-8912
programmed much like in the Spectrum 128 but
more sophisticated internally. The SA-1099 has six stereo channels with volume, envelope and pitch control in steps of 256 tones per octave. SAM also supports the single-bit sound output of the 48K Spectrum for compatibility with old programs. Mono sound comes through the TV speaker and there’s a stereo socket for ‘Walkman’ headphones at the side of the computer. The other sockets around the edge of the machine let you plug in a joy-stick, mouse, track-ball, TV, RGB monitor, MIDI musical instuments, cassete recorder, Centronics printer, and light-pen. There’s even a pair of 'net-work' sockets which let up to 64 computers share peripherals via a two-wire
local link. It is compatible with the QL but in practice the two are not very happy together. There is also an expansion socket, similar to the Spectrum edge-connector but with a proper plug. SAMs should be hitting the market in May. We'll keep you posted."
FSEKKKSCSHKEKHHSHSSSHSSSHKSSSSESSESSESHRRKERAHE
NEW MEMBERS:
Sean Roe, Copperas Cove, Texas, Larry Anderson, Davenport, lowa Lionel Keeping, Corner Brook, Nfld
RENEWING MEMBERS:
Bill Rutter, Dan Pinko, Hugh Polley, Robert Shade
SHSSLSSKSESHSESHHSSHSESSSSSSKSSSSSESESESSESSSS
ЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖАЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖ
MESSAGE FROM YOUR PRESIDENT
Another year has gone by since the last one, wherefore it is time to announce the
1989 ANNUAL GENERERAL MEETING
to be held on April 14,1989. AGENDA
Call to Order President's Report
Vice President's Report Treasurer's Report ELECTIONS OF OFFICERS Editor's Report Hardware SIG Report Librarians' Reports Other Business
Сп this occasion I would like to Paraphrase а well known quotation from the Inaugural Speech of the late President Kennedy:"Do not ask what your club can do far you - ask what you can do for your club !" Please take it to heart, participate ін the next А.0.М. and conzider holdina office (it's only for a year, i.e. my job is up for grabs). Since due to Rod's thrifty Management our kitty is im such a good shape, I suggest that people who hold club office be exempt from dues for the
terin of their office аж an added incentive. Without more active Participation I fear our club is in
danger of dwindling into oblivion. A new job has been created:
4 NEWSLETTER PUBLISHER
Actually, it has always existed - Rod haz edited and published our Newsletter - and is now made available to the membership because 3 jobs are really a bit tea much to ask one person to handle, don't you think? Rod has volunteered to carry on аз EDITOR and TREASURER.
Rod and I will attend the CAPITAL FEST to Бе held in Washington, D.C. - won't
you join uz?
I finally fiaured out how to use the data base on the GL resulting in the ех & TS1000/1500 Book Library Inventory List published in this issue. I hope to find time to get together socom with Harry Slot, our new ZX81 & TS1000/1500 Таре Librarian, to do the same for the Tape Library.
An event billed as the
NORTHWEST'S LARGEST COMPUTER SWAP MEET
will take place Sat., Apr.22 fram 9 a.m. to S p.m. at 525 - 4th Ave. N. in Kent (Kent Commons 15,000- square-foot Exhibition Hall) located between Seattle and Tacoma. All makes and models of periferals, software, and hardware, plus services and technical
assistance will be featured. Admission i adults and $1 for juniors ( ) Children under 11 will be admitte free. For more information call (2
Gerd Breununa
January 13/89 Minutes
==шшшщшщшшщшшч=шшщшшщшшш
-your humble scribe
Although you may not number me among the triskaidekaphobic masses, to me this was an ODD meeting. Maybe it was the flu, which has been rampant these last two months and which was definitely affecting Gerd. We sort of had to “remind” him to get on with the next topic a few times. The flu, and not having a featured speaker then, not Freddy's Friday.
The meeting was opened by Glenn Read at 19:35 after somewhat of a delay because Gerd had not shown up. The general consensus was that either the flu or the snow had stopped him. Rod Humphreys reported, as editor, that the January newsletter was a little fatter but that the next one would be normal Rod also mentioned many memberships were currently due. About this time the church choir practice next door started singing. Reporting as Treasurer, Rod mentioned we have about $1150.00 despite his Oz-land trip. The Australian group was “somewhat diminished" to use his words. He also came back raving about the Spectrum Desktop Publishing program ‘Wordmaster’. On the way to Australia he stopped over in Hong Kong and observed the combination of ostentatious wealth and utter poverty, finding it staggering. There are lots of Amstrads down under.
The 2068 & 1000 librarians were both absent. Rod mentioned receiving a letter from Fred Nachbaur in which Fred mentioned he enjoyed Lotus 123. Hmmm. Mention was made of this scribes tardiness of late, and Rusty Townsend grabbed the occasion to distribute free Round-Tu-Its to all who would have one.
Gerd arrived at 19:58. He started with his President's report, which consisted of "I've got the flu." .
‘The hardware group are meeting, as usual, at Harry's. They are getting into hi-res displays. Rod asked on behalf of an inquiring out-of-towner "what was the status of the 8300 colour pak" and was told there was no answer yet. The Eprom burner project is on a back burner.
Bob Dennison reported that KEM. is closed as far as sales of parts is concerned.
There was а discussion of the difficulties involved in converting a Telidon’ monitor [out-of-towners please note:- thats a type of videotext system
5
iried out in B.C. a couple of years аро]. Harvey donated some video tapes he received from Rod Gowen, for being a guest speaker at the Portland Fest last summer, lo the club video library.
The general question of sponsoring the next Sinclair Fest was raised. Someone suggested maybe a few beers in the park instead?
Guido Vieira is attempting to put.
together a BBS package. Mention was made of the fact that Larry Kenny was working on a 2068 BBS. :
Ken A. told a bizarre tale about a fellow leacher being upset when a TS1000 told him to F/0. At about this point the meeting
was becoming seriously unravelled. There
was an execrable exploding dog story and Louis started talking about scratch & sniff printer paper. I quit taking notes.
March 10/89 Minutes -by your HUMBLE scribe
At 19:20, Gerd opened the meeting with 14 intrepid spirits present. Because he was leaving early, Gerd promptly handed the meeting over to V /Prez Glenn Read.
Glenn spoke of his recent visit toa West Coast Computer Society meeting, then mentioned that Kar! Brown had been made the head of the VVI(City College) electronics department, and finished up by passing on some news about some new 16 megabit DRAM from Toshiba.
Rod Humphreys did a quick treasurer's report ‘cause he too was leaving early. [Hmmm. The amazing disappearing executive..] Somebody hollered out "Think of a number" and Rod said “well we have about $1100 in ye olde credite union”. Memberships are about the same number according to Rod.
In his Editor's report, Rod dropped the bomb. He will do two more issues of ZXAppeal and then resign. There was not enough material for a newsletter issue this month.
It was mentioned that Time Designs magazine had a bit of trouble over the Xmas season with bulk mailing rates and the US Postal Service. Apparently if US bulk mail is not processed by a certain date, they are entitled to trash it. This is a travesty to which Her Majesty's Most Loyal Snails are not inclined. Instead, the intrepid Canuck Posties use sorting machines to trash your mail. Progress! Speaking of which, The Woods family is progressing as well and another wee bairn
is now clamoring for attention. Belated congrats from all of us here!
The hardware SIG met last month and played with printers again. Harry Slot is slowly taking over the ZX81 librarianship from Jim Horne. Jim has been busy at work a lot lately.
At this point Rod spoke a bit about the tape we were to watch. He also reported cold feet (coolish!..ed.) on the BBS, tho he did try to con Harvey into taking over the project. Harvey was entirely non-commital.
Bill Rutter, the 2069 librarian, had nothing new to throw into the pot.
Ken Grant waxed poetic over the joys of finding out how very well WD-40 works on printer ribbons.
Chung Chow told a harrowing tale оГ” computer fraud in Montreal.
Harvey mentioned that there was a 200 Megabyte serial wafer memory exhibit from Anamartic, Clive's other company, at the recent International Solid State Conference.
Somebody mentioned a device for automatically switching between fax and voice on an incoming ‘phone line. Glenn Read joked that Harry could probably whip one of these devices up with some biscuit tins and a couple of cats. ,
Harry Slot then gave us another guided
‘tour through Vancouver electrical. history.
Harry brought in with him some ancient Edison light bulbs, an arc lamp and a couple of different meters. One was the first privately owned voltmeter in western Canada; the other was the first one publicly owned. Harry came by these items from an old pal who ran an electrical shop,67 Hoffmeister Electric, which first opened in 1876.
At this point we were treated to a video tape of the BC Hydro testing and product development laboratory where Wilf works. The tape was great and the meeting broke’ up right afterwards.
February 10/89 Minutes --by your HUMBLE scribe
The meeting opened at 19:36 with 16 valiant souls present.
Gerd started off with a gentle reminder that elections were coming up next meeting and then mentioned some peculiar crashes he'd been experiencing with both his 1000 system and QL set-up. He was pretty sure he'd tracked the problem down to a flaky power supply filter. Gerd then pulled out a
screen dump he'd made with his Brother 1109 printer and QL. A long discussion about getting paper and ribbons and various dealer prices was joined. Gerd has decided that using the QL with a TV sucks.
In his Vice/Pres report, Glenn Read said he didnt have much Sinclair-specific information, but mentioned an interesting TV show about the Symbolics Lisp Machine. The computer program listened to a woman playing a piano and also a violin. Then it accompanied her, highly sucessfully, as she tried to trick it, unsucessfully, while replaying the same pieces. Glenn also mentioned that UBC is moving from MTS to UNIX, and also that he has his Altair working. Glenn raised the question of putting together various presentations on various topics for meetings. The idea was unanimously accepted. Mention was made of the fact that Wilf Rigter had a VHS Videotape from the Materials Testing lab where he works that might be suitable for such a presentation.
Rod H. made the Treasurer's report real short: we have about CAN$1 150.00.
The Editor's report made casual mention of some meeting minutes missing from the last newsletter!!!
Rod showed a Data General 16K “Core” Memory board he'd brought in. A discussion on the access speeds of various ; types of memory ensued.
Then Rod taid the biggy on us. Не proposed, as he mentioned in the January Editor's column, that the club set up a club BBS on his second phone line, using the new
Larken "MAX-COM" BBS software and his:
2068 and Larken DD set-up. There was a lot of discussion, mainly of the Do you know what you are letting yourself in for? ‘sort. At length, it was moved by Егіс Sakara and seconded by Harvey Taylor that the
funds be allocated to rent a second phone line at Rod's place for a period of 4 - 6 months after which the project will be re-evaluated. Louis Montminy is loaning a 300/1200 baud modem for the project, until we decide if we want to go ahead and buy a modem. The question of a name for the BBS was left open, but Rod had a sly twinkle in his eye when this was mentioned.
Gerd wondered aloud who else was thinking of going to the upcoming CATS Capitolfest. enough frequent-flyer points for him to fly.
The Hardware SIG in the person of Harry Slot reported that things have been kind of slow as of late, although there will be a meeting at Harry's this month. [At this point the choir next door started caterwauling 1
Bil Rutter, as the 2068 librarian, reported receiving a letter from Tim Ward about the formation of the SNUG library. A motion was made and passed to purchase the five 2068 tapes in that library. Cost will be US$20.00. [Sorry, I didn't note who made the motion.]
Jim Horne, the 2X61 librarian, was present and he had the whole library with him, but otherwise had nothing to report.
Vince Lee spoke of the genesis of his 64K NVM project written up in the newsletter last month. He had his prototype
board with him and showed us how he had :
used some extra keys on the add-on keyboard to switch ‘write-protect’ and ‘reset’. Then Vince told us of a dream he had of putting a pocket TV (біпсізіг?. ed.) on the board and making a portable Sinclair. In this commendable project, Vince has the lower 8K of ram switchably decoded above 32K. This aliows him to keep Hi-Z in ram.
Rod's 'OZ trip accumulated:
Ken Abramson reported that one could now access the SFU library by modem. “Getting in is weird, but you don't need to pay. Ken also mentioned there was now a 'Seniors Net. Harry piped up that it was probably at 110 baud.
Harvey took the opportunity to mention that The Web’, an enviromentalist BBS in Edmonton, had not only all their equipment and files but also their backup files ripped off. Curious.
The presentation for the evening was Harry Slot showing us the fascinating antique radio, circa 1915, he has cherished since his youth. He told us how in 1939 asa very young lad he'd fallen in love with a big console radio at a friend's house, and then found a very similiar one in the loft of а friend's grandparents barn. He wheedled his parents into letting him buy
, the radio but then W.W.II broke out. During wartime in occupied Europe, having a radio was grounds for being shot! He told us of the ingenious place where he hid the parts.. After the war, he emigrated, taking the radio with him. In the early fifties he found some extra radio tubes in an old shop in Kerrisdale. These are Edison ‘peanut’ tubes of the sort built for the U.S. miltary during the First World War. He said about ten years ago he was visited by representatives from the Smithsonian who'd heard of his radio and offered to buy it or at least his spare tubes. Harry showed us the tuning coils to select different frequency ranges. He even had the original manual! While Harry was tuning in different stations, Gerd wandered off
к {HE Loo “!
PECIAL REPORT:
Fractals spawn computer graphics applications
by Doug Powell Computing Canada
If you subscribe to the theorem that mathematics is the only form of truth in this world, then the discovery of frac- tal dimensions was virtually inevitable.
; i а Please meet Benoit В. Mandlebrot.
“T'm going to show you some pictures of my children,” began Mandlebrot, a research fellow at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Re- | search Centre, in delivering a special lecture to a crowd of over ; zx 500 at the University of Guelph ж ы ses last month.
Mandlebrot is generally regarded as the father of fractal geometry, the mathematical study of forms having a fractal dimension. Begin- ning with the publication of Fractals: Form, Chance and Dimension in 1975 (translated into English in 1977) and followed by The Frac- tal Geometry of Nature in 1982, Mandlebrot is one of those rare scien- tific breeds whose ideas impact both the scientific and popular
1, КЕШІ
iregular shapes of nature -
domains.
` “Euclid provided one way of finding order in chaos,” Mandlebrot
told the diverse audience of multi-
disciplinary professors, students.
and members of the general pub- іс. “And I would like to present to you a second way to find order in chaos, which is based upon differ- nt kinds of shapes, which are called fractals.”
There are many colorful analo- ies to describe fractals to those vho do not excel in the mathe- natical arts. A line is one-dimen- ional and can be expressed by the umber one. Similarly, a square is wo-dimensional and a sphere hree-dimensional, represented by he numbers two and three respec- ively. An example of a fractal may e represented by 1.4; hence the erm fractional dimension.
In essence, fractals explain the irregularites in the world. And the range of practical implications is surprisingly large.
Think of it this way. Humans love to categorize. Living or- ganisms are classified into species, genus, phyla, kingdoms and so on. Data is arranged in folders and files. But the rigid manner of classification taught in high school often gives way to excep- tions at the university level. Frac- tals are a mathematical tool to de- scribe exceptions, irregularities and roughness.
Fractals also repeat themselves over many ranges of magnifica- tion. A coastline, with its jagged edges, is a fractal shape.
Photographed from a satellite, with minor flaws — using only the west coast of Canada appears several thousand bytes of memory. jagged. A five kilometre segment ^ The result is that more images photographed from an airplane can be stored in the computer
ap poe pero mn Pu memory and more efficiently потегао e bays anc Intels. 90 СОЄЅ transmitted over cable or radio
the stretch of shoreline you can see links And PCtisers cari create thelr with your naked eye or measure von images at Horne
with your outstretched arms. The are only has to fol- Whether you view it from a satel- [ow two rules arbitrarily designed lite x through a microscope, the ү, place a point at a certain loca- coastline still looks jagged. tion. By randomly following one
Mandlebrot's theory says that ite or the other eon - repeated thou- all fractals are self-similar and can sands of times — a fractal
be used to find hidden order in the emerges.
apparent chaos of nature. When a Notwithstanding its practical numerical value is assigned, the ir- computer applications, fractal theory continues to be an ex-
clouds, rippling water or the struc- tremely useful tool to predict and
ture of a protein - can be model variation measured and simulated on paper; Ж | or by computer. Fractals essentially underlie Engineers, scientists and artists апу operating system on this worldwide have started to utilize planet. | fractal theory to construct com- Applications that could evolve puter simulations to explain a from fractal theory in the future plethora of problems. For example: are currently unforeseeable. But € To predict how clay flows under with a theory that synthesizes pressure. modern and classical mathemati- е To help oil companies extract Cal ideas into one, and graphically oil more efficiently by changing utilizes the computer for expres- their pumping methods in accord- Sion, the prospects provide fodder
ance with the rock strata that oc- for the vivid imagination. curs in a given well. And without the computer,
; го fractals would have remained a di- "s px pred e version for the few rather than a
€ To aid in the synthesis of de-tool for the many. signer proteins for industrial enzymes or pharmaceuticals.
€ To help explain the fluctuation of exchange rates.
€ To predict the structure of the universe.
But perhaps their most useful application is in the area of com- puter graphics.
Computer simulations of natu- ral phenomena such as forests,
mountains, cratered planets and
coastlines have traditionally re- quired millions of bytes of memory.
Using fractals, the same im- ages can be generated — albeit
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I did some rooting around in my tape library and discovered some Programs that I aluays wanted to submit to tne VSUG neusletter but somehow slipped awar. The MENU program is what is sometimes referred to as a SHELL. This means that it is meant to be wrapped around other programs to make tnem more friendly. The philosophy behind this program is to give a structure or framework for your program development. МЕНО shouid be loaded and run -to produce a set of menus which the user can program with a selection of menu items. The number of menus and the length of menus.is entered Бу the user. After a few moments a menu text array is formatted with item numbers and the top menu is displayed. The last item of each menu is the submenu select function and this is now used to select the last menu. For example if you formatted 10 menus of 10 items each; then select from items O to 9 the last item (9). The prompt asks the user to enter a menu number and the last of these is menu which the user enters. Now а neu menu (902 pops into view which has been programmed with some usefull utilities. The first of these allows the user to reposition the menu at some new screen location to accomodate other user programmed displays. Just select the item by number and the prompt handles the rest. The next item is the MENU TEXT editor which is used to compose the text for each menu. First select the item and then select the menu you which toa modify. At the prompt enter text Жос each line of the menu and terminate text with a N/L. To skip a line simply type N/L and to erase a line enter a space followed by N/L. The menus should be logically ordered to combine similar functions in each menu. (for example the utilities menus. Now return to the next item in the last menu uhich is the SUBROUTINE ADDRESS editor. This function is selected to assign a line number to each menu item to which the program jumps when that particular item іп a menu is selected. The subroutine at that line number is written in the conventional manner and ends with a RETURN to the menu program. As an example look at the MENU program listing which is annotated to make it easier to understand. Well that is all for now and HAPPY MULTIPLE CHOICE PROGRAMMING. LOGOFF UILF R.
MENU 3 - LINE 8 MENU 3 - LINE 3
SUBROUTINE ADDRESS EDITOR | MENU TEXT EDITOR SELECT MENU
Vo Па pes Ca ewe кана
Cim
HENU 8 - LINE 2
MENU SCREEN POSITION Si ES ITOR
Ca mares бу оюы
SELECT MENU
MENU 8 - LINE 3
MENU SCREEN POST SUBROUTINE ADDRESS MENU TEXT EDITOR SELECT MENU
VANCOUVER SINCLAIR USERS GROUP - ZX81 & TS1000/1500 BOOK LIBRARY
Listed in order of :'TITLE","AUTHOR"*,"ISBN'*,"REMARKS" *-unknoun if not listed
"The Gateway Guide to the ZX81 and ZX80","Mark Charleton","0-916688-27-5","More than 70 Programs"
"The ZX81 Companion", "Robert Maunder","0-916688-26-7","Graphics, Information Processing, Education, Monitor Listing"
"MASTERING YOUR TIMEX SINCLAIR 1000 PERSONAL COMPUTER","Tim Hartnell and Dilwin Jones","0-553-23241-X","Beyond the instruction manual"
"YOUR TIMEX SINCLAIR 1000 AND ZXB1'","Douglas Hergert","0-89588-099-7","Learn how to : basics, program, calculate, bar graphs, pictures"
"TIMEX/SINCLAIR 1000 DICTIONARY AND REFERENCE GUIDE ","Joseph C. Giarratano", "0-88022-041-4","Includes section on Z80 CPU architecture"
"BETTER PROGRAMMING FOR YOUR SPECTRUM AND ZX81","S. Robert Speel (consulting editor Tim Hartnell)","0-00-636610-4","Programming techniques and programs"
"MACHINE LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING MADE SIMPLE FOR YOUR ZX81/280","Beam Software", "0-86161-101-2","Also for TS1000/1500"
"51 GAME PROGRAMS FOR THE TIMEX SINCLAIR 1000 AND 1500 ","Tim Hartnell", "0-451-12598-3","Moving graphics, driving, board, word & letter games; simulations"
"TRS-80 Assembly-Language Programming", "William Barden, Jr.","Library of Congress # 79-63607","Uses Z80 CPU"
"THE SINCLAIR ZX81 programming for real applications ","Randle Hurley", "0-88056-090-8","Bulk storage, word processing, financial, banking, educational"
"THE ZX81 POCKET BOOK","Trevor Toms","0-8359-9524-O","Programs, introduction to machine code, adventure game "
"49 EXPLOSIVE ADVENTURE GAMES FOR THE ZX81","Tim Hartnell", "0-8359-2086-0","Programming instructions and game rules"
"A COURSE IN BASIC PROGRAMMING", "Hugo Davenport","ZX80 Operating Manual"
"TIMEX User Manual","Steven Vickers (with revisions by C.F. Durang)","TS1000 Basic Programming"
"ZX81 BASIC PROGRAMMING","Steven Vickers", "User Manual" "TECHNICAL SERVICE DATA FOR TS1000/ZX81","SAMS COMPUTERFACTS", "FOLDER" "CATALOGUE","E. ARTHUR BROWN CO. NO. 2","COMPUTER ACCESSORIES"
"DOCTOR ZX81","EXCERPT from ""NOT ONLY 30 PROGRAMS FOR THE SINCLAIR 2Х81"""
10
VANCOUVER SINCLAIR USERS GROUP - ZX81 & TS1000/1500 MAGAZINE LIBRARY
Listed in order of: "TITLE", "ISSUES", "REMARKS"
"PERSONAL SOFTWARE", "WINTER'83, SPRING % SUMMER'84,AUTUMN'85 ","British,
mostly Spectrum"
“TIMEX SINCLAIR USER","VOL. 1, #1 TO #7 incl.","A classic"
"SYNC MAGAZINE","VOL.2, #4 VOL.2, #5 VOL.3, £1 TO #6 incl., VOL.4, Z1 &
Z22","THE FIRST ONE"
"ZX COMPUTING","OCT/NOV'83, DEC/JAN'84 TO AUG/SEP'84, DEC/JAN'85 TO АРЕ'86, JUN'86, АПС"86, SEP'86, MAY'87","British" #38 (МАҮ"85) 4 ANNUAL FOR
“SINCLAIR USER","#20 (NOV'83), #24, #29, 430,
1985", "British"
"WHAT МІСКО?" , "MARCH '84","British"
"PERSONAL COMPUTER GUIDE", "SPRING
market"
'83","Comparison of
computers оп the
"SINCLAIR PROGRAMS","JUL/AUG'82, SEP'83, FEB'85","British"
Reprinted below from Sinclair User is a review of the program used to created page 2 & 3 of this issue.
WORD-MASTER AND TYPELINER
Cardex/£14.95 and £10.50
These аге, | must say the most impressive pieces of software I've ever seen for the Spectrum.No kidding. The output of these programs, when put through an appropriate printer (and were only talking Epson matrix with ESC “L” 120dpi graphics mode, here) is of such good quality that | had to look twice before agreeing that it could possibly have been originated on a Spectrum. Word- Master has been out for a while, and is a pretty good wordprocessor program in its own write (ho ho). But with the addition of Typeliner, an extension program which you load into Word- Master, it becomes a powerful page lay out program. Using easily remembered single letter commands, you can position blocks of Word- Master text on an A4 page on screen, using boxes and lines, and a number of excellent and readable fonts. This
could be your chance to get into publishing. Using another program called Headliner (unfortunately not - available at time of going to press), you can paste graphics into your page, too. So you could conceivably use pictures grabbed using the video digitisers we Showed you a couple of months ago, just to add an air of professionalism to the output.
Plovdiv, bulgaria,
Heres the Typeliner laying out a page. As you can see the A4 page is pictured onthe right of the screen as a white rectangle, into which you physical
lay the text files from memory. The boxes and columns are sized with the
cursor keys and the usual QAOP SPACE combo, which makes for very accurate shaping and positioning of blocks of text on the page. Page previews are available, letting you see how youre doing.
The program worked brilliantly on our office set up, which is quite amazing really, considering the fact that nothing works on our system, given the slightest reason not to! No crashes, nice bold output on the battered old Epson, and ease of page editing. Also, as well as some very nice fonts to play with, there's a font editor too, so you can either design your own fonts from scratch, or delete Some of the less useful characters (/, (..$,[.] etc . ..) to save memory The grid on which you design the fonts is a massive 24 x 24, unlike the piddling 8 x 8 usual Spectrum font, which obviously makes for some more interesting typestyles.
There's a lot of work gone into this Suite of programs, and in my opinion theyte worth every nickel of the £35 you'l pay for the whole lot of em. 1 1
THE ZX BREADBOARDER Project #1
A PROPORTIONAL JOYSTICK INTERFACE
For the 2X81, TS1000, TS1500 and PC8300-T
Here is a little project for Kitters, tinkerers, and other hardware hackers. No exotic parts, yet gives you a wonderful pointing and control tool. Immediately position a cursor anywhere on the screen (32x24), play "Flight Sinulator" like it was supposed to be, and stay tuned for other wonderful modified programs that are waiting in the wings!
The hardware is designed around the software, which was designed around the hardware. 1 think that Wilf Rigter will get a chuckle out of it. The simple hardware (3 cheap chips) is read by an equally simple software routine (3 280 commands). The software routine is nestled into a copy of the Keyboard routine (0288) which is called instead by the vertical sync interrupt routine (5104 node processor), so the joystick is in a sense "interrupt driven," even though such shenanigans are supposedly not possible on the 2X.
FREEBIE DEPT: Anyone who wishes nay do anything he/she wishes with this hardware design and artwork. The software in this article are equally in the public domain. 14 some enterprising fellow wants to put these together for sale to others, he has ny full permission (and condolances).
MORE FREEBIES: I wrote up a fairly tho-
rough article on this beast, which is 5 бок Vt! П р recommended reading for РЛ experi- p за юр Ee БОК бок ae EL ре оч menters, Plus, you just might pick up a 45 ak #2 | 9921 sick + 7415 couple other things on the side. It is E МС Жок “ЕБ => being made available to the Vancouver RADIO SHACK 26-2006( V*? в ZX User Group, who may make copies ісі 741532 available to others at nominal cost. Bia a woe: :
токе < в О
кр 1
Also available are two PJl-conpatible games. "JOY-FLIGHT" is the Psion/Tinex Flight Simulator adapted for the PJI. The program's realisa takes a quantun leap with the use of a proportional joystick. 'JOY-BUST" is the excellent "Breakout" program, with a twist. (Stand by for Merchant of
Venus, PJ] style.)
ein
Ci - - .002 uFd. disc or mylar capacitor Дио 46-ріп edge connector, 100" spacing, C2 - .0015 uFd. disc or mylar capacitor P2 key at position 3
C3,C4 - .01 uFd. disc capacitors А бука, rs connector,
D1,D2 - 1N4148 or IN914A glass diodes 2 зле ane POS) SOS |
ІСІ - 741532 quad 2-input OR gate RI 100K, 1/44 5Х film resistor
1C2 - МЕ554 dual timer R2 - 160К, 1/44 5X film resistor
IC3 - 7415125 quad tri-state buffer R3 - — 2.2K, 1/44 SK film resistor
Jl - 100K Proportional Joystick, vee Е EX estu = fila resistors 12 Radio Shack 26-3008 or equivalent d inear trimpots
P Ут y FN 1939
THE HARDWARE
PC BOARD ARTWORK
Copy this actual-size artwork to a sheet of photo-copy mylar. Your local copy shop should be able to help you out for under $2. Expose, develop, etch and drill the board. Tin-plate if desired. Fix any breaks.
Install the eight wire jumpers on the component side. (These are non-intersecting, 50 you can use a 2-sided board if you're a perfectionist. Harry, I’d love to see your board when it’s done.)
Install the 3 14-pin DIP sockets. Before installing the socket for IC2, run a 30 AWG bare jumper through pins 4 and 10 before inserting the socket to solder it. Alternately, jumper these two pins with a piece of resistor wire-end on the wiring side. Install the 5 resistors, 2 diodes and 4 capacitors. See the component layout
diagran.
Use a DIP header, 1/2 of a DIP socket, or whatever (spacing is .200") to connect to the joystick, which has
been modified as per the schematic.
Install the edge-connector and finger board, or make other arrangements for connecting to your computer. Install the trimpots. If you can’t find the little cermet jobs with .100' lead spacing, use silicone, wire, and bubble-Qm as required.
Alternately, wire it up on a piece of plated perf-board. 1611 probably be done a lot faster that way anyhow.
To make the component layout diagram work as an "overlay" for your board, reduce it to 974.
aggggagadggggdggaggagguu gggagggggguggggagognud MP NT
13
LISTING 1; MACHINE-CODE LOADER PJI SOFTWARE
1 REM XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX хххххххххххххххххххххххххххххххх
JOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOXC LISTING 3: JOYSTICK MACHINE-CODE хххххххххххххххххххххххххххххххх XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX addr HEXCODE NAME MNEMONIC хххххххххххххххххххххххххххххххх === ххххххххххххххххх 40AZ 263440 DP-1 LD HL,¢FRMS> 5000 REM М/С LOADER 4045 2B DEC HL *020 CLS 4084 ЗЕ?Ғ ОР-Р LD A,7F 9030 PRINT "ADDRESS? "; 4048 А4 AND H 9040 INPUT AD па? BS OR L 9050 PRINT AD,"BYTES? "; 406A 7C го &,H $040 INPUT BY 404B 2003 JR NZ ANTH 9070 PRINT BY 40AD 17 RLA 9060 FOR N=AD ТО &D*EY-1 404Е 1802 JR OVNC 9090 INPUT V 40BG 44 ANTH LD B, CHL} 9100 POKE N,U 40Е: 37 SCF 9110 PRINT (STRE (9%100022<2 TO 4082 47 OVNC LD н,а 222”; 40ES 223440 LD (FRMSO,HL 9120 NEXT N f 4086 ро RET NC 9130 STOF 4087 СОБВ02 DP-2 CALL KBESC 40B^ ED4B2540n LD BC,CLASK? 40ВЕ 222540 LD (LASK), HL 40с: 73 LD А,В 40C2 C402 арс а,02 40С4 Е042 SBC HL, вс TABLE 1: PROP. JOYSTICK MACHINE 4006~342740 LD A,CDBENC? CODE, DECIMAL VALUES дас? ва OR H ICCA ES OR L ADDRESS? 16624 BYTES? 90 40ce SS LD Е,В засс 0606 LE 8,06 001:031:031:033:130:044:227:178: 40СЕ 213B40 LD HL,CDFG 211:255:042:012:044:203:252:205: 4001 CES86 RES 9,¢HL3 145:002:237:095:001:001:025:062: 40D3 2008 JR NZ NKEY 245:205:181:002:043:205:146:002: 4005 С87Е БІТ 7, СН.) 195:162:044:000:000:000:000:000: 40D7 CBCó SET 0.¢HL? 221:033:142:044:201:253:070:052: 4007 cs RET 2 058:052:064:184:040:250:033:130: 40DA 05 DEC B 064:001:000:000:030:031:203:102: 40DB 00 МОР 040:001:012:203:110:040:001:004: 40DC 37 SCF 035:029:032:242:062:023:184:048: 4000 212740 NKEY LD HL,DENC 001:071:043:126:230:192:050:022: 40E0 3F CCE 065:201: 40Е1 СВ1О RL B 40ЕЗ 10ЕЕ LP-B DJNZ LP-E 40ES 44 LD в, «но» 40Е6 7B ір &,E 40E7 FEFE CP FE 40Е9 ОҒ SBC 4,4 40EA 041Е LD B,1 3 LISTING 2: ROM-CODE UPLOADER pa 2 кы کو 2000 LET AD=14544 ДЕК 22 io HOA 8005 FOR N-553 TO 630 40F0 OLIFIF LD BC,IFIF
БОТО. POKE AD PEEK М 40F3 218240 JOYS LD HL, ELFE a кын ااا 40F& EDB2 INIR 8020 STOP
2 o
40FE D3FF 40FA 260C40 40FD CBFC 40FF С09202 4102 EDSF 4104 010119 4107 3EFS 4109 СбОВ502 410С 26 410D CD9?202 4110 C3A240 41123700 4114 00 4115 00 4116 00 4117 00
4118 DD21A246
411C С? 4110 FD4634 4120 3843540 4123 B8 4124 28FA 4126 218240 4129 010000 412C 1E:F
о W) UJ W C)
ЕЕЕ bh bb F1 оу с AB A UN
eA мз pê på қа мл ва ы.
4i 3E ES 413F 3001 4141 47 4142 2B 4143 7E 4144 ESCO 4146 321641 4149 C9
D-EN
BUTN
ENGA
DCOD WAIT
LOGP
INCX Nü-X
INCY NOG-Y
BUT?
QUT ‹ЕР›,А LD HL,<¢DFIL)
SET 7,H CALL MRGN LD A,R
Го BC,1901 LO A,FS CALL SCRN DEC HL CALL MRGN JF DP-1 NOP
NOP
NGF
МОР
МОР
LD B,(FRMS) LD A,CFRMS CP B
JR Z WAIT LD HL,BUFF LD ЕС,0000 LD E,1F
MT 4, (HL) JR 2 NO-x INC C
BIT S,CHLD
wrk 2 NÜ-Y
AND CG LD свитмо „а КЕТ
LISTING 4: BASIC DEMO AND JOYSTICK CALIBRATION
REM USR 16664 TO ENGAGE REM USR 16669 TQ DECQDE REM PEEK 14642 => BUTTONS REM basic demotcalibration REM BY F.NACHBAUR, S.M.C. RAND USR 16664 LET D-16669 LET B=14662 POKE 16418,0 LET Х-0 LET Y-0 POKE 16418,0 50 PRINT AT Y,X;" "АТ 0,0;"0" ;AT 0,31;"0";АТ 23,0;"0";АТ 23,3 1;"0* 55 LET L-USR D 60 LET Y-INT (1/256) 70 LET X=L-256*Y 25 LET АФ-(СНР% 23 AND NOT PEE B)*CCHR$ 128 AND PEEK B) 80 PRINT АТ Y,X;A% ға сото sa
ENTERING THE SOFTWARE
Use Listing 1 to enter the decimal values of Table 1 into a 1 REM line. Then use Listing 2 to steal the required code froa the ROM. Finally use Listing 4 to calibrate and demonstrate the use of the Joystick. Listing 3 is the source-code of the machine-code in the 1 REM.
FUN AND GAMES DEPARTMENT: Change the LD HL,nnnn at JOYS (40F3) to point instead to the first byte of the display file. Now engage the joystick with RAND USR 14444, You get a graphic demonstration of what "interrupt driven" means, as you move the Joystick around. Just don’t press the button! (However, "button 2° would be allowable.) Incidentally, this was my best debugging tool during development.
Improvements have been and will continue to be made to the DCOD decoding routine. Joia in the fun!
The notice below is first appeared in the Apr/89 issue of the CCATS newsletter "The Plotter". It helps explain what is the current situation with Time Designs Magazine.
Tim Woods, Editor and Publisher of TIME DESIGNS Magazine has announced: “Our Timex Sinclair magazine is still very much alive, even though some of our recent issues have been released late!"
Due to the birth of а new son, Anthony David Woods, during the Holiday season, both Tim and Stephany Woods, who produce the computer magazine as a family "hobby" and оп a part-time basis, found a lot of their energy was
devoted to the new addition.
Tim commented, “I was sorry to hear
that SYNCWARE NEWS, another Timex publication, has folded. But, understandably, it has become increasingly difficult for most
editors and publishers to work on a limited time schedule and with a declining user base, to keep going. I'm not joking when I say that to produce a newsletter, or magazine of any size is a tremendous amount of work...a real labor of love! Me are re-organizing our efforts here at TIME DESIGNS to ensure that our magazine is published for many years to come. I feel it is a worthwhile project."
On the eve of releasing their Fourth Anniversary issue, several changes have been made to improve service to
TIME DESIGNS customers. First of all, the bi-monthly designation of issues has been dropped. Instead,
only a numbering of volume and issue will be used. For example, “VOLUME 5 ISSUE ONE" will indicate the upcoming anniversary issue (formerly the Nov/Dec "ВВ issue).
"We just felt it would be redundant for our readers to receive a winter issue in the springtime. Our customers will get every issue they have paid for! We will offer subscription for both six and twelve issues. Starting with VOL.5 NO.1 we will continue to release issues approximately sixty days apart. A
16
lot of electronic journals are numbered-this way, in fact we have always numbered TIME DESIGNS along with the bi-monthly designation, so it shouldn't be too confusing." Along with this numbering system, some new software will be put on-line to track subscription accounts.
"I think our mailing label and the expiration information was kind of confusing for some individuals. The new software should alleviate this Problem. Instead of an expiration date, there will be a number in the upper right-hand corner. This will indicate how many issues are
remaining." (EXAMPLE: five issues remaining).
Г51 indicates
TIME DESIGNS readers will notice a new look, a new logo, upgrades to several sections.
also and
"To lighten my own work load, I have arranged for some of our regular contibutors to take over whole sections and be completely responsible for their content and appearance. For instance, Stan Lemke and Bill Ferrebee will be collaborating on a regular TS2068 secion."
Other sections, including the one for the Sinclair QL will get similar treatment. Extensive use of telecommunications (modems) for
author submissions will also help to speed up magazine production.
“If anyone has experienced missed issues or Similar problems, we want to encourage them to drop us a postcard or note. We also maintain a 24-hour message mashine for this purpose (503-824-2658). We will correct the problem, just as soon as we possibly can."
“We have
appreciated everbody’s
patience with some of our delays. Generally, most everyone has been really understanding. Our Timex
Sinclair community is made up of a great bunch of people. In return, we will continue to publish a quality magazine." ў
Reprinted from SUM Magazine Nov/85
Programming Tips on the 2068
Sometimes a programming problem can be easily solved by using certain tricks. Here are a few tips and techniques to help you possibly the next time you get stuck. I hope you will find them useful.
THE SAVE PROBLEM
To replace the message "Start tape then press Enter" you just need to POKE 26689, 38. Try:
10 PRINT #0; "All ready."'"Start your that press ENTER"
20 POKE 26689,38:SAVE "demo"
right, I'm tape" '"AFTER
For those with a Spectrum ROM, POKE 23736,181 starts SAVEing immediatly, without waiting for a key press.
THE SCROLL PROBLEM
This little machine code routine scrolls a certain number of lines during a certain time. These codes can be put anywhere in memory.
10 CLEAR 49999
20 FOR 1<50000 To 50020 30 READ A: POKE I,A
40 NEXT I
50 DATA 205,220,27,205,96, 38,237,67,250,91, 197, 253,70,192,205,59,9, 193,16,246,201
Use this routine with INPUT USR add,x,y where add-start address and x= 15+ line to
be scrolled, y-how many times. With the routine at 50000, try:
10 CLS
20 PRINT "....Don't поуе.............. 30 INPUT АТ 0,0;"write something:";LIN E a$
40 INPUT USR 50000,22,1
50 PRINT AT 21,0;a$
60 GOTO 30
THE LOAD PROBLEM
Large programs are generally recorded in several parts on cassette. After the
loader program, a screen presentation is loaded and the main program is now ready to be loaded. But it’s not very esthetic when the program name overprints the screen presentation.
To avoid this situation, we can add to the loader program POKE 23570,16 and in the main program, we must restore by using POKE 23570,6. PRINT and LIST will be corrupted otherwise.
THE INKEY$ PROBLEM
Suppose we have: 50 IF INKEYS="Y" THEN
GOTO 100. If the keyboard is in lowercase mode, the computer will see "y" instead of Again
"Y" and pass on to the next line. POKE will rescue us: ы РОКЕ 23658,8 for UPPERCASE mode POKE 23658,0 for LOWERCASE mode POKE 23617,2 for GRAPHIC mode POKE 23617,1 for EXTENDED mode
Reprinted from the March '87 issue of
TIMELINEZ.
bv Tim Swenson
This is a little neatsy-keen program that I originaly wrote years ago, on the ZX81.
The user types up to 10 strings of up to 80 characters
each. The strings are then Slowly "marched" across the screen, very much like the signs on Bart. The letters
start on the right and scroll
off to the left.
The screen that is used to show the banner can be fancied up a bit. Playing around with the stipple of the strips can be fun.
So, here it is. Have fun with it. It might come in handy someday.
100 WINDOW 512,256,0,0 PAPER 0 : INK 4
110 DIM аъ<10,80)
120 clear data
130 set screen2
140 get a11
150 set screenl
160 REPeat loop
170 FOR x = 1 TO 10
180 IF LENCa$(x)) < 2 THEN NEXT x
190 LET length = LEN (a$ (x>)
200 LET start s-1 : LET
last s-1
210 FOR y= 1 TO ПЕК<а5 <х)) +32 220 PAUSE 10
230 LET key-KEYROW(O)
240 f key
250 IF key<>0 THEN GO TO 160 260 LET start at - 32-y
270 IF y»32 THEN start ағ-0 280 - LET x$-a$(x)&" "
290 AT 4,start_at : PRINT
x$(start s TO last 5)
18
2570 STRIP
300 LET last s = last s +1 310 IF y>31 THEN LET start s = start s +1
320 NEXT y
330 AT 4,0: PRINT" "
340 NEXT x
S50 END REPeat loop
360 DEFine PROCedure f key
S70 SELect ON key
380 ON key - 2
390 веб screen2 400 get string 410 set всгееп! 420 ON key = 8 430 clear data 440 set screen2 450 get all
460 ON key - 16 470 Set screen2 480 EXIT loop 490 set screenl 500 STOP
510 END SELect
520 END DEFine f key
530 DEFine PROCedure set screenl 540 MODE 8 : WINDOW 512,256,0,0 550 PAPER O : INK 4 : CLS
560 CSIZE 3,1
1: AT 2,0: PRINT "
580 STRIP 1 : AT 6,0: PRINT "
590 STRIP 4 : AT 1,0: PRINT "
600 STRIP 4 : AT 7,0: PRINT "
610 STRIP 3 : AT 0,0: PRINT " n
620 STRIP 3 : AT 8,0: PRINT ” 630 STRIP 0
640 END DEFine set_screenl
650 DEFine PROCedure set screen2 660 MODE 4 CSIZE 0,0
670 CLS
680 END DEFine set_screen2
690 DEFine PROCedure clear_data 700 FOR x = 1 TO 10
710 а$ (х) =" "
720 NEXT x
730 END DEFine clear_data
740 DEFine PROCedure get_string 750 PRINT "Enter String Number to Re-enter "
760 INPUT x
770 PRINT : PRINT “Enter New String Message "
780 INPUT x$ 790 LET а5<х) = x$ 800 PRINT : PRINT "Do You Want
To Do Another? (Y/N)"
810 INPUT x$
820 IF x$-"y" OR x$-"Y" THEN GO TO 750
830 CLS
840 END DEFine get string
850 DEFine PROCedure get а11 860 PRINT "How Many Message Strings Do You Want To Enter?"
870 INPUT y
880 PRINT
890 FOR x = 1 TO y
900 PRINT "Enter String Number #";x
910 INPUT x$
920 LET а$ (х) = x$
930 PRINT
940 NEXT x "999 END DEFine get all
ЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖ
ЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖ 1 БЕМ eee ethis program is off the "Cleveland" topes. The auth or is unknown but credit is exte nded to him for a great program. 2 БЕН 3 EEN 4 EEN 5 НЕМ _ ۴ 58 РОКЕ 23658,8 55 НЕМ К Eemove line 58 if you want the hidden words to appear in small letterz.This will Ж help in debugging il CLS ; .15 BORDER Б: РАРЕЕ Б тай CLS y i58 PRINT АТ 8,8; INK 2;" HIDDEN WORT" 288 РЕІНТ ІНЕ 3;" PUZZLE GENERATOR"??? i88 INPUT "HOW нану вонз HIG. zz Нах."; МЕ 482 ТЕ HEo22 THEN GO TO 488 458 INPUT “HOW кант COLUMNS HID Е? 16 Мак." НС 452 IF НС 1Б THEN GO TO 458 5880 LET НС-МЕЖНС 558 LET P£-'-" БВЙ LET Ke="#" 656 LET 15-"+" тая LET НИ-й | 150 DIN HECHE, HC? S88 DIM HESE, 16? 925 DIM Е(5й8,29 550 DIM 0¢8,2) 388 DIM SNe) 358 ПІН USE? isaa8 DIN 0:58) 1766 CLS 2388 LET Ни-а 8358 LET E-8 2488 LET HW-HH-*1
the les “ӨЛ send US
NT "GRID SIZE IS ";MR;" NT “YOU HAVE HIDDEN "; HW NT "GRID IS ";ІНТ (E/HCH NT GRID IS C
INT „PRESS ENTER TWICE ИН INT INK 2;"EHTEE WOED #"; Max. 5и)"
NUS5@ THEN PRINT : PRINT "MAX. 50 WOEDS USED, PEE
ta
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