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group and ZXAppeal see the backcover. 51 OE a К ИИСИ 12 Guest Editorial............. 13

ML DOCE UD. oom uis 14 LOOO EUTM адыны 19

Happy Birthday ¥SUG

imagine, 5 pears 010 and better than eber?

СА S ИЙНИМЕ ИИИ АЫ A НИНОИ |

With the days vetting cooler, the kids back in school, and vacation tite over. we can get down to some serious computing. The

Main Event for the next while is the upcoming T/S Mini-Fair in Seattle.

Enclosed with this issue is а sheet with all the information you'll need. Let's discuss options at the meeting. Pooling, renting a bus. etc. Everyone who plans to go to Seattle should make sure they're at the meeting.

This issue has some interesting programms and articies: Fred Nachteur. our 1000 wizard residentedin Nelson, fresh from his victory over the Feds, send? along а preview of an article on the PC 3300 that Will appear in an upcoming issue of SvncWare News. This is a good follow-on to Ken's article of last issue as Fred explores some of the aress touched on by Ken. What is more exciting is that Fred has finished his TS/PC8300 ROM project. This ROM, actually an EPROM, will allow the running of ALL machine code, and BASIC. programs made for the 1000 at the same time allowing many of the nest features of the 8300: sound; flashing cursor; inverse screen, and шапу others, maybe even colour if Wilf can come up with a fix for the PAL' standard colour pack. The ‘TS8300° now does almost all the things we wished the ZX81/T31000 would do. I know es I have one of the prototype ROMs and I can faithfully report "IT VORKS!", So get a PC8500, I'm told there are only 10,000 left in the warehouse so hurry, and then get the EPROM from Fred When it becomes available in numbers very shortly. Then you die-hard ‘Slers will have the ‘best of all worlds’. Also in this issue Harry S. comes in with a handy little program to convert the various computer codes: hex to dec to bin, ete: Vince L. sends along another of his programs concerning memory management for the 1000; Jay M. offers a program for the 2065 that allows for the storing and recalling of multiple

screens: we have the nextinstellment of ‘Buzz Words’ to brosden our mental horizons: and finish off with some more great reprints from the NETWORK.

aes PIECES ИИИНИН eee aaa

„Ле welcome another exchanger 10 the Network: VISTA, the newsletter of the Vashon, Washington T/S users. you've all heard of the Waferdrive for the Spectrum: dual high-speed tape drives plus ES232 and Centronics printer interfaces all on one unit able ta store up ta 64k on one tape. Well, as seems to happen with some degree of regularity, this company went bankrupt. Now these units that once cost US$150.00 can be bought from Britain for 15 Brit pounds - thats about $35 in our money plus another $10 for express mail to your door and the price is so low that there won't be any duty.

For more info or to place an order, send to: Logic sales Ltd, Leofric Square, Peterborough, TEISTN, Gt. Britain.

95 Was mentioned above, Fred Nachbaur has finished his EPROM that allows one to run TS m/c programs on the PCS300. ..oUtiset Electronics of San Francisco is still in the TS marketplace in a strong way. Their latest hardware and software catalog supporting all Т5 machines arrived recently. For your copy write to: 2254 Taraval Street, San Francisco, СА 94116. also mentioned above was the Seattle TS Mini-Feir on Sept. 26. This will be а most memorable time so make sure you plan to BE THERE. or be square.

„also coming soon will be the Pacific Coast Computer Fair put on each year by the PCCFA. If you helped man the YSU table lest year or just wandered around youll remember it was agreat time. Remember when Harry S. bought those 4 1000s off the strange lady for $20 each? I bought one- bad power supply but new machine.

Rotronics

‘Hopefully more news of this vears ‘do’ will

be aveilable at the meeting.

..meeting date!

27 |28 |29 |30

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PC 8300 INTERFACING ALERT by Ken Abramson

My Preliminary Technical Report (ZX Appeal, July/August 1987) indicated that the missing edge connector/CPU control lines were simply connected Straight from the CPU to the edge connector. Upon closer examination of the computer circuitry, Harry Slot has advised against this approach, because a few of these CPU control lines are also connected to the ULA chip, which he feels could be damaged if these lines are pulled low

(at the wrong time) by some external peripheral device. These lines Should probably be isolated by diodes, pullup resistors and series resistors before connecting them to the outside world via the edge connector. Hopefully Harry will publish his safe solution as soon as

he gets it checked out. _

P.S. In case you were interested in the PC8300 color pack, don't be!

It has been determined that the color pack will not work on NTSC (North American) TVs. It only works with the PAL (British) system. American Design Components is now looking for a fix in order to make it work here, but unless you are electronically adventurous, send it back!

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Pces00 — MAGIC OR MADNESS? eee

Fred Nachbaur

You may have seen ads, or heard about a "Timex 1000 clone" called the PC8300, available from a company in New Jersey doing business as “American Design Components." The price is certainly attractive ($29.95), as are the claims that are made for this device. A TS1000 clone with music and sound, auto line numbering, moving keys, joystick port, TV/monitor option, high-res capability, and even a color addon? For 29.95? How can this be?

As an avowed 2X81 programmer (perhaps one of the last), I couldn't resist the ad; especially since I’ve been interested in this machine for over two years! That’s right, the history of the PC8300 goes back that far. About two years ago, it was reviewed in a British magazine, and was said to be available from a Canadian company for Cdn. $29.95. А colleague contacted them some time later, only to get the reply that they would not be carrying it after all, and didn’t Know where it could be obtained. Imagine our surprise and gratification when it suddenly reappeared!

On receiving my PC8300, the plot thickened even further. It is made in Hong Kong, but no indication is given as to the manufacturer, designer, or ROM programmers. The box is labelled "YOUR COMPUTER." Apparently, in true Hong Kong style, the manufacturer left it open for any distributor to stick his own label on the unit. [However, my friend at the local Chinese restaurant assures me that the manual is written in Continental - Beijing - Chinese, not "Hong-Kong-ese.*]

What you get is the computer, a TV/monitor cable, cassette cable, power supply, and two "manuals." I put the last in quotes, since neither of these publications is what I would consider ап adequate user manual. The first is entirely in Chinese, except for the sample BASIC listings. The other is a very crude translation beleagured with typos, and might as well be in Chinese. It’s so crude that it’s cute; one sentence starts with, “If you don’t see the blinding cursor...." Neither gives much technical information; only the bare minimum to get up and running, and program in BASIC, is provided.

If you're expecting an actual 2X81 clone with superior capabilities, forget it. Though it is similar, it is different enough to be useless with any Sinclair programs that contain machine-code. More about that later. However, if like me you're running a computer orphanage, this machine is a MUST HAVE. It is eccentric yet capable, simple yet complex, and absolutely charming.

The machine is reminiscent of the TS1500 or Spectrum, in that it has rubber chiclet Keys. Dual shift Keys are provided (thankfully, since the Key spacing is larger than the 1500). The keyboard is sloped, giving a nice feel. The Keys have an unfortunate tendency to stick; perhaps this tendency will decrease as the Keys “break in."

The case is ivory colored, quite sturdy, and sits nicely on the table. The case comes apart by removing three Phillips screws, then snapping it apart. The power supply has an actual AC power cord running into it; a nice feature if, like me, you have octopuses (octopi?) of adaptors and extension cords always underfoot.

The TV/monitor cable has an RCA plug at one end (to go to the computer), and an "Е" connector at the other. You may have to change this to an RCA plug, depending on your monitor or TV. А “TV/GAME" switch is not provided. The display is in preferred (to me) "reverse video" (white characters on dark background).

Looking inside, it looks definitely Sinclairese. There is of course the 7805 regulator and heatsink, 280 CPU, ROM, and a 2116 static 2K RAM. There is also space on the board for four 2114^s. Near the (soldered in) keyboard tail is a 74LS05. The last major component is a custom chip, analogous to the Sinclair’s ULA. If you thought that the ZX81 ULA was an interesting "black box," you'll love this one. It apparently handles all the jobs of the Sinclair ULA, and then some. For instance, it seems to take care of the sound, blinking (blinding?) cursor, and probably has something to do with the color add-on. Sundry diodes and transistors round out the semiconductor complement. A small 1" speaker delivers a

surprisingly loud "Беер."

The machine’s sound capability is obvious the first time you turn it on. After that, any Keypress elicits a beep. Each Key has a different tone, making routine typing sound a John Cage composition. Thankfully, this can be turned off by entering NOBEEP. To quote from the manual,

*^$0 many sound!’ you may think. “Мау I play my computer more quietly?’ The answer is sure. You can simply type NOBEEP then ENTER. Now the computer is in No BEEP mode, and no any sound will be responded when you press the Keys. Later, if you liKe to have beep sound again, you type BEEP then ENTER. Now the computer already in ВЕЕР mode, апа the keys will respond it’s lively sound if you activated any key."

Syntax errors give a flatulent Bronx cheer, even if NOBEEP was invoked; this machine really likes to rub it in! The machine also has TEMPO, SOUND and MUSIC commands. These are actually pretty neat, even though only a single voice is possible, and no envelope or waveform control is provided. Also, they behave differently in SLOW than in FAST; some interesting noises are possible because SLOW mode modulates the sound with a 50 Hz. buzz (yes, 50 Hz. not 60).

This points out the first difference between the PC8300 and American 2Х81/5. Running at 50 Hz. makes it slightly faster (though not twice as fast as some have claimed). However, it might be out of range for the vertical hold control on some TV’s. (See Part II for more info on this.)

Another major difference is іп the memory map. Unlike the 2X81, the display file is іп a fixed location, starting at 16509. The display file is always fully padded out. (Presumably, by getting rid of all the collapsed display-file stuff, the designers were able to fit some additional command routines into the 8K ROM.) The system variable D_FILE is replaced by PROGRAM, which gives the start of the program area (normally 17302d). The fact that a system variable is used for this, suggests that this can be moved (perhaps to accomodate a high-res display file). The end of the program area is marked with an FFh. The variables are next, pointed to as before with variable VARS. The end of the variables area is still marked with an 80h.

System variable VERS is apparently used for flag purposes; it contains 40h after reset, 00 after NEW or power-up, and FF after SAVE. Variables NXTLIN and E-PPC are exchanged to 16394 and 16425, respectively. The "not used" variable at 16417 is called MUNIT, and sets TEMPO. The unused variable at 16507 is now a two-byte variable called BLINK, which points to the location of the cursor in the display file (similar to XPTR).

The rest of the system variables remain the same. Also, organization and storage of variables appears identical. However, the difference in the memory map makes every Known 2X81 machine-code program inoperable on the PC8300. Also, the ROM has been drastically changed around, so any ROM calls would have to be readdressed for this machine. In light of this, I don’t feel that the claim of "ZX81 compatibility” is justified.

Now for some good news. The PC8300 WILL load all-BASIC 2X81 programs. If you think about it for a moment, you'll realize that this is no small feat, since the display file and program area аге interchanged. Also, some of the token codes are different. Again, the custom chip, together with the ROM, appears to be involved in this. When the PC8300 saves a program, the S-second "silence" is replaced by a continuous tone; perhaps this is how it tells its own programs from 2X81 programs, changing things around if required.

You guessed it, even with all-BASIC there are incompatibilities. Most importantly, the variables area of 2Х81 programs are NOT loaded by the PC8300. So any program that relies on its saved variables for data is completely useless on the PC8300. Also, some of the punctuation has been replaced by space-invaders and suchlike. Specifically, colon 15 à Space invader, question mark is a pac-ghost, and the British pound sign is another space invader. Also, the grey graphics are now different; CHR$ 8 and 136 (the grey squares) are now а гасе car, and the rest are right-triangle graphics. Sure looks funny on some 2X8i screens! The final incompatibility is that PC8300 programs will NOT load into the 2Х81 or TS1000.

(Obviously, since it will be trying to гип the display file in its program area. CRASH!!!)

There is better news in the hardware department. The extension bus is identical to the 27Х81/151000, except for the omission of some less-often-used control lines. Timex 16K RAMpacks work fine, as does our SCRAM board. I’ve also tried a John Oliger EPROM reader. Interestingly, the Memotech 64K (ог the others I have here) do NOT work.

If you’re used to the keyboard layout of the 2X81, you’l] be lost when you first use the PC8300. Nothing is where you expect it to be. The FUNCTION mode has been done away with entirely; all you have is the shifted Keys, and graphics mode (shift ENTER). Shifted Keys give the symbols and some of the tokens. The only available command Keyword is PRINT (shift 2, of all things); all the rest are functions like SIN, ACS, etc. The rest of the function and keyword tokens have to be entered manually. However, they are tokenized in the listing, just aS on the 2X81. Spaces during line entry are insignificant, and are automatically inserted between tokens.

The designers obviously went for the programmable calculator market; there is even a chapter in the manual on using it as a calculator. While they were at it, they tried to suggest that it is a games machine by including a few (practically useless) games characters. The rest of the shifted Keys are things like cursor control «C through N), EDIT (M), DELETE ¢.), auto LINE NO. <Х) and BREAK (space). BREAK is interesting in that it can be used much like EDIT to delete an entire input line; however, it does not bring down the line number with the cursor, as EDIT does. STOP during INPUT has been done away with; BREAK is used to abort an INPUT.

Scanning the ROM, you’ll find very little in common with the 2X81. The restarts have been completely changed, as have the various data tables. The character font table is nowhere to be found; one correspondent suggested that these are stored in the custom chip. In fact, the area from 1ES6B-1FFF is blank (all FF)... suggesting that EPROMs with additional features could be used.

During operation, the I register contains 0! This suggests that the font table is at 0000 (which it is not). Changing it has no visible effect, so it is now available for use by m/c programmers. IX is still used as the interrupt return vector, and IY still points to the start of the system variables. AF’ is also still used as in the Sinclair system. Also as іп the Sinclair ROM, the exchange registers are used by the floating-point calculator. However, they also appear to be used in other ROM operations, so it may not be safe to use them with the impunity we’re accustomed to.

USR still passes and returns the contents of BC. The "1 REM" address for machine-code is now 17307 (instead of 14514). Mithout the color module attached, the PAPER and INK commands аге accepted (values 0-255), but without visible effect.

High-res capability is hinted at, but no mention is made in the manual. Perhaps there’s something in the Chinese manual; 111 let you Know if my Chinese friend can find anything about this. [There isn't.J] Similarly, the color module is a mystery box; I don't have one (yet), and doubt whether I'd be much inclined to mess with it even when I get one, based оп negative reports I’ve received.

The box claims auto-repeat on some Keys; not so, at least not on my machine.

Before I end off, I’11 point out one last feature that is simultaneously a blessing and a curse, That’s the RESET button, which is in the upper right corner. Though it’s just a CPU RESET switch, it’s not the hard reset we're used to. It’s actually a "soft" reset! After a reset, your BASIC program is still there! However, it’s possible that your variables area will be zoofed. The curse is that it is very easy for 2X81 users to hit this by mistake in reaching for 0 or DELETE, which would be catastrophic with a true Timex-compatible ROM.

This is truly an orphan with personality; I like it, and suspect that others will also. If I can convince myself that there is enough of a market for software for this machine, pa ay у adaptations of Timex software), I will readily support it. Let me Know if you’re interested.

LO SS ER EE SE SA SE CLIT EEL,

STORING AND RECALLING SCREENS

„.. by Jay Mundy

Here is a fairly short but extremely powerful machine

code utility that enables you to instantly store and recall up to five screens

(including attributes) at the touch of a button.

Listing 1 sets up the BASIC variables and pokes the machine code routine into memory. It will auto-

matically be erased when you type in Listing 2.

After RUNning Listing 1,

type in Listing 2 and ENTER GOTO 999g. (RUN must not be used because it will wipe

out the BASIC variables)

You are presented with а menu which gives you the option to either "L"- load a screen from tape, "S"- store the current screen to one of 5 memory banks, or "wr recall one of the = memory banks to the screen.

Although this program uses all 24 lines of the screen, the bottom two lines are occupied by the menu.

This routine can be easily implemented into other programs but uses quite a considerable chunk of memory (about SSK).

The program and screens can by SAVEd on tape by using GOTO 7498. If you iust

wish

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PGBS oig 91168 2129 91 53 914G

9298 921698 9229 9236 92490

CLEAR 32788

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POKE f,x

NEXT f

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FOR +=1 ТО 5

READ а‹(‹+)

NEXT f

DATA 228, 201,174, 147, 128

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PIGS

2016 i28

21609 91109 91260

2156 9149

PRINT #153; "L- LOAD ое STORE R- RECALL"

LET i= PEEK 23556

GOTO 9619+ (90 AND i=76) +0199 AND і=85) + (2906

AND i=S2)

REM LOAD SCREEN

ВЕЕР .2,3980: INPUT 5

PRINT #1; TAB 8; FLASH 1; "LOADING SCREEN"

LOAD "" SCREENS

GOTO 9869

9200 REM STORE SCREEN 93860 RANDOMIZE USR 65359 7210 BEEP „2,302 INPUT f 93908 GOTO 9000 9220 PRINT #1; "STORE IN WHIC H Bue (1*5j"* 9418 SAVE "Gcrnstore" LINE ?2З@ LET іФ= ІМКЕҮФ 9600: SAVE "Scrnbanks" 92499 IF іФ< "1" OR іФ› "5" CODE 590789, 34573 THEN GOTO 9239 9420 GOTO 98660

9258 POKE 65351,9: 953d REM SAVE ROUTINE

POKE 65352, 64 9519 SAVE "Scrnstore" LINE 7269 POKE 65354,69: 2600: SAVE "Scrncode"

oagdc REM SAVE PROGRAH

POKE 65355,a( VAL 1%) CODE 65359,12 92798 INPUT ; 9574 GOTO 9968690 9289 RANDOMIZE USR 653569 одра LOAD "" CODE

9298 GOTO 900g

9396 REM RECALL SCREEN

9319 BEEP .2,39: INPUT $;

9520 PRINT #1; "RECALL WHICH BANK? (1-5)"

9330 LET i= INKEYS

9348 IF i$4"i1" OR іФ> "5"

96190 GOTO 99809

Storage table

Utility 65350 - 65541 Bank #1 58437 - 65348

THEN GOTO 9336 Bank 82 51525 - 58436 peu CORE ВУЗЕ ees | Bank 82 44613 - 51524 POKE 65352,a( VAL i$) Bank 84 37791 - 44612

95660 POKE 65554,98: FOKE 65355, 64 93780 INPUT ;

Bank #5 38789 - 3779090

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ZX Computing Monthly - November 1986

10 RESTORE : LET t=0 Topsy Turvey | 20 FOR 1-0 TO 117: READ a: РОК E 32000*1,a: LET t-t*a: NEXT 1 30 IF t<>10795 THEN PRINT "ERR OR IN DATA!!"

This routine Is an Interesting 40 DATA 17,0,88,33,160,90,6, 11 means of turning the display ‚14,32, 197, 26, 79, 126, 18, 113, 193, upside down, the code is 19,35, 13,32, 244, 197,1,64,0 loaded to 32000 but it is 50 DATA 167, 237, 66, 193, 16, 232, relocatable and can be placed 17,0,64,33, 160, 87,6,6, 14,3, 197,6 anywhere you wish. Use It by ‚8,197,6, 32, 26,79, 126, 18, 113 RANDOMIZE USR address. This 60 DATA 19, 35, 16, 247,229,235, 1 one came from the IOW. and , 224, 0,9,235,225, 1, 32, 1, 167, 237, was written by David Hiscock. 66,193, 16,227, 229, 235, 1

70 DATA 224,7, 167,237,66,235, 2 25, 9, 193, 16,210, 13, 121,254, 2, 32, 10, 17, 192,64, 33, 224,79,6,2,24

89 DATA 194,254, 1,121, 192,17,0 , 72,33, 160,79,6,3, 24, 180

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>40 PRINT HT 7T,0+7-A; CHR (CODE "В" +Е- 10) SINT (Е (014)

550 LET E=INT (Е/ (0) )

S68 НЕХТ H

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S62 IF 0=5 THEN GoTo 520

S64 PRIMT AT 16,6;MSE

S66 FRINT AT 16,25;L56

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S60 PRINT AT 5,25-8; CHR (CODE "Q'-D-TEIHMT {DAT

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а at $12. 07 Les sinan: cDuncrotaes, DOVE p e е propa MAN Catryving no ПИП spece ang „эрг. THE Gay eet last ter see Yetim to П Every Ore st urerat. Smatiest ... ightest With its brinan 4. „оны de >be $ ane saceptonaliy powerful . Subtract* o'cou Ы › ТҮҮ VOL her tme È ties d° va De " апа ar 5** eric so SION“ Or fOr Dercentaoes t wore. DU! ft tr~ou nh ar , e Ces MI MAS Toe eum, DOM еы, ole ift unas ott du ROMA у te trs With other pore nearest Ger ита! ша,

The secret of the Sinclair Executive Tne есикке s brain is an esectrona moe.

Exir1Ar-leir-

Kilroy Brothers Lte Shanower Road. Whitehall Dublin 9 TINO ene Dubin 37996"

Reprinted from the Data Expansion - the newsletter of the Fort Worth T/S Users Group.

RENUM - A ZX81 or TS1000 Utility By Geoffrey Byrne...2X Computing Aug/Sept 84

I have discovered something I have not read about elsewhere. The Sinclair manual says that the highest line number allowable is 9999. Although this is so, in practice line numbers higher than this may be utilized using the Renumber Routine which follows.

An advantage of this is that the lines pushed over the 10000 limit cannot be re-edited and are therefore safe from tampering. This could be useful in preserving data held in strings, etc.

Enter the following program: 13 REM XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХХ 22 REM +2++LORDER+++ ЗӘ FOR J=15515 TO 16562 42 INPUT N Sa PRINT AT 15,3; J, Ħ Sa SCROLL 70 POKE J,N SQ NEXT J

Run the program and enter the following data checking carefully as you go:

33,125, 64,17,0,0;, 126, 230,192,192, 229, 70,35, 1873.24 235, 229, 2371, 66, 225, $6, 18,193,124, 2, TLS DELO O, 9; 2390 /8, 35, 7/0, 35,9, 24, 222,96,105,193,24,239

Now enter as direct commands:

POKE 16514,0 POKE 16515,0 SAVE "RENUMBER"

Having SAVEd the program, enter RUN and then the following:

9990 REM

9991 FOR J-1 TO 15

9992 PRINT "ANYTHING YOU LIKE" 9993 NEXT J

Check this by entering:

SLOW RUN 9990

Now enter RAND USR 16516 and LIST. You should now find some very odd looking line numbers in the listing. The listing should be as follows:

A000 REM

A010 FOR Ј=1 TO 15

A020 PRINT "ANYTHING YOU LIKE" A030 NEXT J

As you can see, the '10' of 10,000 has been replaced by 'A' as in Hexidecimal, but the other numbers remain in the decimal! Since the first character of the line number is not recognized by the ZX81 as a number, it cannot be accessed for editoring, and is therefore incorruptable once placed over 10000.

These lines ca be accessed from within a program. Enter the following:

100 LET А=10010

110 CLS

120 GOTO A

RUN 100 or GOTO 100

As сап be seen from these examples, the ZX81 equates 10010 with А010. Using REM statements to pad out the numbers of the lines under 10000 is the only way to push a routine over the magic limit, using the RENUMBER routine. I hope some people will find a genuine use for these safe lines.

MRK KKK OE OE HH HH HH

y/67 issue of the newsletter

The following article is an editorial from the Ma of the Dallas Timex/Sinclair/Amstrad User's Gr help us appreciate just how unique and advance

It is reprinted here to

d our ‘toys’ are.

oup.

YLGOERGIODERO XQOUOGOUGOEOU I OO ннн ннн Note From The Editor:

A new member of our group cornered me the other day to ask if there was anyone around who still serviced Timex computer products. Apparently attached to his 1000 (just like me), һе despaired that since it died, there seemed to be no one to turn to.

And he's right. Timex’s Little Rock service location will no longer accept Timex Computer product for repair. The customer service rep | spoke to indicated that machines still wait in their back rooms for parts that are no longer available. They intend to close up the computer shop after they repair those machines, and the queue is officially closed, as of 4/22/87.

The oddball parts in Timex products are Unique Logic Arrays: what Sinclair called by the name SCLD's (Sinclair Computer Logic Devices). They are wonderful chips, replacing whole boards of discrete logic pieces. The designer describes the pinouts, functions, timing, etc., with a "logic equation", and little parts of the chip are selectively turned on or off, making a unique logical path through a matrix of similar logic pieces arrayed along the chip. The chip manufacturer makes the standard array packages with the designer’s

customizing instructions to change the array. It’s CHEAP. It’s COMPACT. It's an electronic RUBIK's cube. You sure can't see

what is hidden inside.

All the main logic manufacturers are moving in this direction, with programmable versions that can be "burned" like an EPROM, as well as the factory mass-production "masked" versions that are in Timex and Sinclair computers. Sinclair was ahead of the game: IBM’s new computers prove it. (IBM wants to out-maneuver the "clones", and they are doing it with proprietary parts, yes, ULAs. Very sophisticated ones. But seven years ago, Sir Clive had solved that puzzle of computer manufacture and marketing economics.)

Which is what causes our problem today. ULAs are extremely tough to copy or pirate. Timex won't give away that "equation" for the 2068's SCLD anytime soon, and NCR, the array maker, is not stupid. Why would they damage their credibility as trusty secret-keepers? Same situation for Ferranti Ltd. and the ZX and Spectrum SCLDs. Given all the time in the world, someone may "reverse- engineer" an approximation. Good Luck! There are still such things as copyright laws, though (except in the Far East: see George’s "1000 Clone" comments above, and the story of my pc8300). So what we've got is a proprietary part no longer in production, and supplies are drying up. If not for the one-of-a-kind nature of the ULA, ANYBODY with a soldering iron could repair their Sinclair.

There seem to be a couple of enterprising user groups trying to make bulk purchases of the ULAs (I suppose they are competing with Timex Service for the stuff !). As | get more info on their success, 1'11 pass it along. Perhaps we'll explore the subject of computer repairs in future issues. The 280A Processor is easy to find; about five bucks--- and most of the other chips are easy to mail-order from electronic supply houses. The ROMs are a cinch to PEEK at --- and indeed, there are already alternatives to the ROMs, such as the 1000’s "fixed" ROM by Thomas Woods/Syncware....

One more solution, in the near term anyway, may be in the supplies of "brand-new" and "slightly-used" Timex and Sinclair computers.

Sunset Electronics, out in San Francisco, seems to be a good supply of "new" Timexes, as well as E. Arthur Brown Company in Minnesota.

As for used computers, how many of us know one or two lurking іп the closets of our friends? For the right price, which is certainly less than a likely repair bill, you can get back in the computing biz. Make them an offer before they do their spring cleaning....

The point is, one step in protecting your investment, whether it is in time, money, or involvement, is to keep in touch with those machines lurking around in your neighborhood or in the magazines. A spare might be a good idea.

Don’t give up even if your computer does.

Reprinted from the Feb/97 issue of CATS: the Capital Area TS Users Group newsletter

Cleanup/ Backup para el GL by Mark Fisher

As you begin to amass files and programs on the QL’s little matchbook-sized cartridges, you will run into the problem of generating backups of your files. Our trusty manual tells us to "simply" type "СОРҮ mdvi_file_name TO mdv?_file_n_bak" or some such. Not impossible, but if you're trying to copy more than one file it can add up to an awful lot of typing.

CLONE represents another way Of generating backups - but it requires a DATA statement containing the names of the files to be copied: another quantity of typing.

CLEANUP/BACKUP offers a third alternative. Like CLONE, it allows the user to duplicate an entire source cartridge (on mdv2.), but, in addition it allows you to select the files to be copied. In this way, you can both eliminate those earlier versions of the program you've been working on, and re-arrange the order of programs in the cartridge for easier reference.

For instance, you could re-arrange your files in alphabetical order (with BOOT first, of course); or sort your ARCHIVE data files so as to group all the screen files, then all the program files, then all the data files in sequence for a given application.

To use the program, LOAD it, place the desired source cartridge in mdv2., and RUN. You will be prompted to make sure there is a destination cart in mdvi_. Upon confirming that, you will be shown а list of the contents of both drives, as wellasa menu of your options. They are generally self-explanatory, but I should stress that the (Delete option deletes the file from mdv2. , not mdvi..

The Works:

CLE ANUP/BACKUP is divided into three parts. Parts one and two are fully automatic. Part one (lines 100 - 270) temporarily sets up a data file on mdv2. to hold the directory as it is read from the header. Part two (lines 280 - 340) then transfers this file to an array, and deletes the microdrive file. Part three, "select. fil," presents you with the contents of mdvi- and mdv2_, and allows you to choose your next course of action. Line 1020 allows you to easily update the copy of the program on your microdrive, if you improve the program.

As it is set up now, it will handle cartridges with up to 14 files. The limitation stems from the size of the display. It would be possible to use the WINDOW and SCROLLing facilities of SUPERbasic to remove this limitation, but I'm not up to that yet. Anyone that is interested in the project should feel free to write it up,

100 REMark ##¥¥¥ с|еапир/ backup utility saxa 110 WINDOW 500,235,0,0: INK 7: PAPER 0

120 REMark Create file to hold DIR

130 OPEN. NEUM4 ,ndv2 direc

140 DIR #4, ndv

150 PRINT 44, CHR$(26)

160 CLOSE #4

170 PRINT ‘Loading Array with file nanes’

180 OPENLIN #4,mdv2direc : CLS

190 LET count=0

200 КЕРеаї rd

210 — count=count+]

220 INPUT #4, a$

230 IF EOF (44): EXIT rd

240 END REPeat rd —

290 count=count-3

260 PAUSE 200

220 CLOSE #4

280 DIM dir$<count, 30)

290 OPENLIN #4,mdv2_direc + CLS

300 FOR i=0 TO count

310 INPUT #4, dir$CiD

320 END FOR i

330 CLOSE #4

340 DELETE ndv2 direc

350 select. fil

360 STOP

370 DEFine PROCedure prdir

380 FOR i=0 TO count

390 PRINT TO 40:dir$Ci)

400 END FOR i

410 END DEF ine

420 DEFine PROCedure select_fil

430 CLS

440 PRINT "Cartridge in MOVI_? Press space to continue - (0) to Quit ': r$2INKEY$(-1)

490 CLS : IF r$()’ ^ THEN EXIT select. £i]

460 PRINT ‘NOVI now contains:’; TO 40;/MDU2 now contains:’\\ 470 prdir : nunz2 : АТ 2,0: DIR ndvi.

480 AT 20,0 i 490 PRINT ‘Press : (C)opy all files -- MOVI WILL BE ERASED ENTER) to copy selected file’

500 PRINT ' (Delete selected progran F)ornat MDV1’

310 PRINT ’ (^ or у) Select files Quit’

E p pipa in Reprinted from the June/87 issue of HATS, the de newsletter of the Harrisburg TS Users Group.

570 key = CODE (INKEY$(-1)) ! S80 АТ пил+2,35: PRINT — ' Program written by Darrell Frey.

590 — nunznun* (Keyz214) -(Кеу=208)

600 IF num)count THEN nun=count | ae De eee IS THE PROBABIL 610 ЈЕ nun2 THEN nun-2 20 PRINT “IN THE UNIVERSE 7?" 620 IF Key=10 THEN сру:АТ 2,0: DIR mdvi_ x ا‎ er (Ош CAN CALCULATE IT 630 ТЕ Key=CODE(’c’) THEN cpyall x i 99 PRINT “THE DRAKEs EQUATION 640 IF KeyeCODEC'd^) THEN del ke ea Bein SER _ N | н О PRINT “CALLED THE GREENBAN?. 650 IF Key=CODE(’4’) THEN fnt JE oo я 660 IF Key=CODE(’q’) OR Key=CODE(’Q’) THEN EXIT updn К. BE ру ee SHE HEEE 670 END REPeat updn Fy Ber ETNT "IZATIONS IN OUR GALA 68C END DEF ine к 80 PRINT “CONTACT EACH OTHER." 90 PRINT 5 690 DEFine PROCedure fnt у „100 PRINT " HzRPELICD isi ш "epe, 1 TO ^ ^ INSTR(dir$(0))-1) : PAUSE 50 : a$=a$( b 119 ВЕЕ ' bak’ HT "s FRANK CRAKE., CORNE Р * LL UNIV.196: 710 АТ 19,0: PRINT ‘Press ENTER to format as’!a$!’, 0 to quit. К. 130 PRINT AT 15,0; "ANSWER THE = , or type new vol. nane:^; : INPUT !q$; x oLLQUING QUESTIONS” | чы 720 CLS 3 : EXENTER)* О CALCULATE N. гич 730 IF g$=/q/ OR q$-/0^ THEN RETurn % TO CONTINUE." ^ PRESS 7. 740 IF q$()’’ THEN a$-q$ К 160 IF ЇМКЕҮ$‹›"Х" THEN GOTO is 750 AT 19,0: FORMAT ‘ndvi_t&as ;: CLS 3 * | “170 cis 760 AT 2,0: DIR ndvi.: PRINT ' + k 180 PRINT "R.RHTE OF STAR FORMS À % TION (STARS" 770 END DEF ine + 190 PRINT “PER YEAR)? | 780 DEFine PROCedure cpy | hc “рф ie dli Fe pees PRINT "P.DECIMRL FRACTION c a$-'/000000^ THEN RETurn x 230 PRINT ` “STARS 810 COPY ‘ndv2"&a$ TO "ndvl. "аб $ EIS (SINGLE, 7 mis oo iae P t^ Hii o 00517 ine PROCedure cpyall т 255 SEINI- M Е i R e ; = 840 fnt x PER SOLAR” iE OF PLANETS FOR nun=2 TO count + PORT PRINT “SYSTEM THAT WILL Sup сру k 290 PRINT "(I.E.ERRTH-LIKE)? © 870 END FOR nun £ 819 BRINT E 880 AT 2,0 Е RINT "L.DECIMRL FRACTION C THESE ON" 5 890 DIR ndvi- Ж | 330 PRINT “WHICH LIFE ARISES? ` 1 1 ; : 900 PRINT ' * "зао INPUT L 910 END DEFine + 590 PRINT L 920 DEFine PROCedure del 4 WaT pEUBLQpe т 930 — a$-dir$(num) x еса ERENT “INTELLIGENCE? "; 940 IF a$2/000000^ THEN RETurn + 390 PRINT I 950 АТ 19,0: PRINT "DELETING ’;a$;’. Press SPACE to continue, * Har pEUEL Op- CECIMAL FRACTION T 0) to abort:’+:q$=INKEY$(-1) к. 4 von | ( 1:0 + 10 PRINT ТЕСН лм b, ee NOLOGY AND CHOOZ 960 CLS 3: IF q$z'q'THEN RETurn x "ano PRINT "C | 9/0 AV hui 2 NER ТРИ енене di re 430 INPUT c OHHUNICRTE? ed OVER 0 k ace PRINT C 990 dir$(num)=’000000/ к — 450 PRINT “MUNICATIVE CIVILIZAT 1000 END DEFine 470 INPUT D 1010 STOP HEUS PEINT D | 1020 DELETE ndv2 cleanup: SAVE пбу2_с1еапир SO PEINE ee

15 510 PRINT "N s ";N