Sir = Les мс” d na
+». “ защити 314
_T Е: — =- 5 ТТТҮККЕХЕЕЫЫЫЫЫН Т а Bui 14 pn HERR MEI rmt t ы - ций 00006006
2644............ .....
..... .....
Summer/88
4........... ..... .....
рое i ; р 15244 4: . 444499 sett
9922252. Фан 215994. 6340666060606 чинии 72 2222.
.....
DOTIO +
ieee D "Le. 5
1 427%
а es - NUIT RI um
===
122522252 1225222 ..
2522292%%2%%%%222
......
THIS ЕІЗ5ШЕ»-“еееееее сеа е 54:96 во «5 6ое за со
The dog days (why not the CAT days?) of summer. If you're looking for a break from the sweltering heat, open a cool one and go down into the coolness of your basement and relax with that specíal ^fun^ program you enjoy.
The ^SUMMER MEGA ISSUE” has something, I hope, for everyone. Harvey gives us another look into the іпегісасіев of the QL; Gerd is along with some tips for using И11Е в 32k NVM “Delta Device” more fully; Vince pops up with a tutorial on Boolean Logic - the basics behind how our machines function; and Fred left us some gems before he ventured East. The summer issue is where I get the space со reprint those articles from other newsletters and other sources that I think you'll find especialy helpful or interesting. So without further ado...
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK ЖК KK
BITS & PIBCEBAAA 9.43 потъва Wale саги
...а few weeks ago Fred М. popped up at Gerd^s house to say "see ya later" to some members of the group. Fred was on his way from Nelson to Ottawa where he has located honest employment - he will be setting up a computerized office accounting package for a friend utilizing, wait for it, TS machines!!! Fred loaned his entire software library to the group as well as donated his sizeable collection of newsletters, magazines, articles and other neat stuff to the group. All this stuff is being cataloged and will be available to group members through the various librarians. Best of luck, Fred. Поп” г stay away too long. ...СТМ quits. Computer Trader Maga- zine started out as a small regional Buy & Sell for computers and became one of the mainstays for Packet Radio and hobby computers - mainly TS machines. When TS Horizons packed it in, Chet decided to take over the outstanding subscription obligations - at no рау! The reality of the economics of trying to publish a specialty magazine while keeping the price as low as possible finally caught up with Chet. A big “thanks and good luck" from all of us at VSUG. We appreciated everything you did to help our hobby along.
...the May/June issue of Time Designs was highlighted by a complete listing |
of all the active TS User Groups and all the dealers and suppliers still Supporting our machines. Would you believe 55 active groups and 94 dealers and suppliers? Not bad for an “orphan” long forgotten. If you want to obtain this list, Tim advises he had a larger than usual print run so just write for a copy - I^m not sure of individual copy price but why not just take out a subscription starting with that issue!
.. ethe same Time Designs issue also had a ranking of User Group Newsletters. The ranking was made by a 3 person panel of computer buffs not connected with TS machines. Congrats со the N/L of the Las Vegas Users Group. The “Hacker” was judged top o^the heap. Editor Steve graciously replied that the newsletters of all the groups were winners just for still being here. Where did ZXAppeal rank? Tied for 2nd with the Capital Area TS groups N/L! This is a great honour for ZXApeaal as I think the CATS N/L is really super. Since this ranking appeared we picked up 8 new members. -. .меге you at the 3rd Annual International/Great NW Timex/Sinclair Mini-Fair? If not you missed a fun time. Jay, Eric, Neil, Harvey, Wilf, Kenton, Jim, Tim, Rod, Ramine, & Ken made it. Wilf and Harvey each gave a seminar. The number of attendees was not as was expected but the dealer tables and the seminars were great. Some super bargains were го be һай near the end of the Fair. The declining user base and the non-central location were certainly factors in the attending numbers but the enthusiasm displayed by the 150 who were there was just as bright as ever. VSUG held a draw for a TS1000 and rampak - and the winner was....... Michael Carver of the CCATS group. Mike is known for his articles in Time Designs on things (014651. VSUG also contributed 5 doorprizes of a complimentary 6-month membership in the group. All those who entered the draw will receive a complimentary copy of the SUMMER MEGA ISSUE of ZXAppeal. . «e George Whitham of АҒ Computer Response, the QL distributor, said the reponse to the recent АҒ advert for $75 (01,6 was so great he sold out the 400 he had left and had 300 back-orders. George reported that a West German company ів іп the Ғіпа1 stages of negotiation with Amstrad for
the ríghts to the QL so they can
manufacture a QL for the W/German market. This model will include а 3.5"DD in place of the M/Drives.
Apparently the demand for QLs іп W/Germany is incredible and 10,000 machines could be sold tomorrow - if they were available.
...Nigel Searle was at the “Fair and gave a seminar on the Z88.(He couldnt have done it without crucial assisstance from our own ex-prez Ken.) Nigel has been with Clive Sinclair since 1972 and was able to entertain all with stories of the bad old early years. Nigel is now involved with the entry of the 288 into the U.S. and Canada. Yes, Canada. Im assured we should be able to see іс “in the
stores soon’. kK KK KK KK KK KK RK KK KK АХА RK RK КЖ ЖЖ ЖЖ КЖ ОКК
The inverter must be connected before the TV modulator in the ZX81. Switch S, enables bypassing of the inverter when inversion of the picture is not required. The composite video
RENEWING MEMBERS:
Hilda McKinnon, Kevin Kearney Brad Thomas, Tim Stoddard
Jon Kaczor, Kenton Garrett Dave Noordhoff
NEW MEMBERS:
Eric Tsoi, Vancouver, BC
Charles Byler, Ft. Riley, Kansas Van Vangor, Island Falls, Maine Don Myers, Chula Vista, Calif Bill May, Jr., Yeadon, PA
Jim Kopisch, Oklahoma City, OK Don Lambert, Cedar Rapids, Iowa Seward Warner, Liverpool, NY Chris Crawford, Gilmer, TX
BE SURE YOU RENEW NOW IF YOUR LABEL $0
INDICATES kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
simple video inverter for 2Х81
signal is inverted by gate N,. Gates N, and N, separate the sync signal from the input: the sync signal is then available at the output of N, at a level of 5V- The inverted video signal and amplified sync signal are then
added again, resulting in an inverted video signal with the sync signal in the correct position and at the right level. Preset P, serves to adjust the contrast.
The circuit can be constructed on a piece of veroboard so small that it can
easily be added in the ZX81 case. The power supply can be taken from IC, іп the ZX81: +5 V at pin 40 and earth (0 V) at pin 34.
— ————— —Ó— —Ó “ ----- - ------|-
UKI
% 523922226 ASES
| | | | | | | | | 3 62417452421 | | | iL
N1... N3* XIC1 «741500 3
PLAYING WITH ELECTRICITY - July 12/88 - Harvey Taylor
Back іп the good old bad days when I was programming on an 8 bit CPU, I used to hear talk of multiplication routines and was rather mystified just how this wonder was worked in binary. When І got into 68ххх programming, there was, lo & behold, а multiply instruction which removed апу need to bother to figure out how binary multiplication might work ... until I ran into the need to multiply numbers greater than 16 bits. I started playing with multiplication lately to enhance my Mandelbrot generating program and thought you might find the topic of interest.
One of the first methods of multiplying а machine language programmer runs into is shifting. Let us say you wanted to calculate 2 times some small number. The quickest and easiest way to do this is just to add it it to itself. ед. ADD A,A in 280 or ADD DO,DO will leave double the initial value in the register. So will shifting the number опе position to the left. eg. SLA А or LSL #1, 00 These two methods have the same effect. The addition method is faster if you are counting cycles.
It is relatively straightforward to multiply by a small integer number. Let us say you want to calculate 9 times some other small number. You could do it something like this.
LD B,A ; SAVE A COPY SLA A ; X2 SLA A ; X4 SLA A ; X8 ADD A,B ; X9
Similarly some odd numbers can be constructed of sums of shift products. ед. 13n = 8n + 4n + n where 8n and 4n сап be found easily by shifting (ог addition). You can see how multiplying some odd numbers might get confusing. For slightly larger products (larger than 255) this method will be really confusing because you will have to start juggling the HiLo register pairs. There is another alternative.
Let us say you are multiplying 245 * 137
245 = $F5 = %11110101
137 = $89 = 510001001
You know how to multiply it it longhand. How about іп binary? If you write it out in the same longhand method, it looks like this:
11110101 10001001 11110101 Ø 0 11110101 Ø 0
Ø 11110101
1000001100011101 958310
33565
Now the question is how to code this multiplication? 14: is relatively simple if you remember to get your shifts right.
ЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖжжЖЖЖжЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖЖ
*
*
* 16 BIT MULTIPLICATION ADOPTED FROM LEVENTHAL 68K.ASM PROG PAGE 8-11
ж
ж EXPECTS D1 = NUMBER1.W
ж D2 = NUMBER2.W
ж
ж USES D@,D1,D2,D3
* PRESERVES DØ, D2, D3
*
ж RETURNS 00 = 32 BIT PRODUCT
*
MULT 16 MOVEM.L D@/D2/D3, -(A7) MOVEQ #0,р0 * CLEAR FOR PRODUCT MOVEQ #16-1,р3 * bit COUNTER
*
LOOP ADD.L (0,00 ж SHIFT PRODUCT LEFT 1 BIT ADD.W D2,D2 * SHIFT MULTIPLIER LEFT 1 BIT BCC.S STEP ж IF MULTIPLIER BIT -0: ADD.L D1,D@ * ELSE ADD MULTIPLICAND
STEP DBRA D3, LOOP MOVE.L D@,D1 MOVEM. L (А7) +, 00/02/03 RTS
ж
RETURN PROD IN D1
* жжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжж * * Notice that two 8 bit operands produce a 16 bit product and in general two n bit operands will produce а 2n bit product. Once you have the method down, you can see how to multiply two 32 bit numbers.
$1F - $10:$0F - 00 | $1F - $19:$9F - 00
* ;
OOOO OOOO OOOO KOK E E KKK KK KKK KK KK KKK KK XK *
*
* 32 BIT MULTIPLICATION AFTER LEVENTHAL 68K.ASM PROG PAGE 8-11 *
* EXPECTS 01 = NUMBER1.L
ж D2 - NUMBER2.L
*
* USES DØ, D1,D2, D3
x PRESERVES D@,D3
*
* RETURNS 00:01 = 64 BIT PROD
*
ж . MSB LSB
ж DØ D1
*
*
MULT. 32 MOVEM.L A9/D2-D5, -(A7) MOVEQ #0,р5 * CLEAR MS LWORD FOR PRODUCT MOVEQ #0,D4 * CLEAR LS LWORD FOR PRODUCT MOVEQ %0,р0 * CLEAR FOR ADDING CARRY MOVEQ #32-1,D3 * BIT COUNTER
*
MLOOP ADD.L D4,D4 * SHIFT PRODUCT LEFT 1 BIT ADDX.L D5,D5 ж NOW SHIFT MS LWORD ADD.L |2,02 ж SHIFT MULTIPLIER LEFT 1 BIT BCC.S MSTEP ж IF MULTIPLIER BIT =Ø: ADD.L D1,D4 * ELSE ADD MULTIPLICAND ADDX.L р0,05 ж ADD IN CARRY * 0
MSTEP DBRA рз, МООР
* MOVE.L D5,D9 * RETURN MS LWORD IN DØ MOVE.L D4,D1 * RETURN LS LWORD IN Di MOVEM.L (A7)*,A0/D2-D5 | RTS
ж жжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжж:
I have been ignoring the most useful 'hardware' multiply instruction on the 68xxx, MULU (or MULS). Ав I mentioned above, this instruction uses only 16 bit operands to produce a 32 bit result. This is sufficient for most indexing uses, but rarely for arithmetic. eg. MULU 8137,0 will calculate the previous product in one instruction.
What if you want to calculate 1.2345E9 ж 2.345E12 ? Then you are slowly and gently led down the path of n-bit multiplication. You can do 32 bit multiplication by utilizing the MULU instruction creatively.
* жжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжж *
*
* EXPECTS 01 = NUMBER1.L
* D2 - NUMBER2.L
*
* USES DO-D6
* PRESERVES D3-D6
*
* RETURNS D1:D2 - 64 BIT PRODUCT
*
ж Di - NUMBER1.L a:b
ж D2 - NUMBER2.L c:d
ж D1*D2 = (a:b)*(oc:d)
* = ((а ж 2716)+b]*[(c Ж 2^16)+а]
ж = ас ж 2 732 + (ad*bc) Ж 2 ^16 + bd x
LONGMULT MOVEM. L D3-D6,-(A7)
MOVEQ #9,D4 * CLEAR FOR D4:D5 RESULT MOVEQ #0,р5 MOVE.L D2,D3 * GET C:D MOVE.L 01,00 * GET A:B MULU DO, D3 * BD MOVE.L D3,D5 * STORE BD MOVE.L D2,D3 * GET C:D SWAP DØ * B:A DØ, D3 * AD
6 MULU
SWAP DØ * A:B SWAP D2 * D:C MULU D2, DØ * BC ADD. L D3, DØ * AD+BC BCC.5 NO САККО * NOTE 16 BIT OFFSET TO REGS * IF CARRY: ADD $00010000 TO D4 SWAP D4 ADDQ.W #1,D4 * ADD IN OFFSET CARRY SWAP D4 NO CARRO MOVE.L D9,D6 ж COPY AD+BC SWAP D6 * GET MS WORD 151. 1, #8, DØ * SHIFT TO HIGH WORD LSL.L #8, DØ * SHIFT TO HIGH WORD ADD. L DØ, D5 * CALC LS LWORD ADDX.W D6,D4 * ADD X MS WORD ВСС. 5 NO CARR1 * NOTE 16 BIT OFFSET TO REGS SWAP D4 ADDQ.W #1,D4 * ADD IN OFFSET CARRY SWAP D4 NO CARRI1 SWAP D1 ж B:A MULU D1,D2 * AC ADD. L D2, D4 * CALC MS LWORD * MOVE.L D5,D2 ж ,5 LWORD MOVE.L D4,D1 * MS LWORD
MOVEM.L (A7)+,D3-D6
MOVEQ #0,р0
RTS * жжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжж
For пу Mandlebrot program, the multiplication I need to do is in Fixed Point arithmetic. All sorts of FP formats are possible. I have heard of people using 3 bits for the Integer and 29 bits for the fraction; and 4 bits for the inteder and n bits for the fraction forn up to 1024. One format I used because 1% was easy to code was 16 bits Integer and 16 bits Fraction. In this format, the multiplication routine came out like this:
*
жжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжя жжж |
ж ж EXPECTS FIX#’s IN D@,D1 ж RETURNS PRODUCT IN D1 * NO ERROR FLAGS ж FIXED POINT FORMAT: IIII^FFFF ж WHERE: I - INTEGER PORTION ж F - FRACTIONAL PORTION - INTEGER/85536 * ж [IØ+FØ][I1+F1] = 19ЖІ1 + IOXF1 + І1ЖЕ0 + Е ЖЕ1 ж FIX MULT MOVEM.L D2-D5,-(A7) CLR. W D5 ж DEFAULT SIGN + ie @’s TST.L 00 ж SIGN? BEQ. S PRODZERO BGE. S ONE_POS * IF POSITIVE DO NOTHING ONE. NEG NEG.L DØ * MAKE + 7 TST.L D1 * SIGN? BEQ. 5 PRODZERO BGE.S RESULTNEG ж IF +: JUST SIGNAL RESULT SIGN
NEG.L 01 * MAKE + Е ВКА. 5 ЕМ CONT ж IF -: RESULT WILL BE + ONE. POS latins DI * SIGN? BEQ.S . PRODZERO BGE.S | FM CONTO NEG.L 01 * MAKE + RESULTNEG MOVEQ #-1,05 ж SIGN - ie. 175 ж ЕМ СОНТО MOVE.L DO,D2 MOVE.L D1,D3 SWAP D2 * GET IØ SWAP D3 * GET I1 MULU D3, D2 * D2.L-I1 * I9 SWAP D2 * RETURN TO INTEGER POSITION MOVE.L D2,D4 * SAVE RESULT MULU DO, D3 ж D3.L-FO ж I1 ADD.L 3,04 ж D4.L-I1X*IO + FØ*I1 SWAP DØ * GET IØ MOVE.W D1,D3 * GET F1 MULU DØ, D3 * D3.L-IO * F1 ADD.L D3,D4 ж D4.L-I1X*XIO + FOXI1 + Е1ж10 SWAP DØ * GET FØ MULU D1, DØ ж DØ=FØ/64K ж F1/64K MOVE.W #2, D@ SWAP DØ ж DØ=FØ*F1/64K ADD.L DØ,D4 ж ра. L=D4.L> + FØ*F1 MOVE.L D4,D1 * GET RESULT * MULTSIGN TST.W D5 BEQ. S FM EXIT NEG.L Di FM_EXIT MOVEM.L (A7)+,D2-D5 RTS PRODZERO MOVEQ #0,р1
ВКА. 5 ЕМ EXIT *
жжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжжж ж ж
I have yet to write the ultimate n-bit * n-bit Fixed Point multiplication routine, however the need is there & sooner or later the topic will arise. I wonder if there is anybody who has interfaced an MC68881/2 FPU to the QL?
>eof
З2К М.М.М. SYSTEM REVISITED
Wilf Riater designed the 32K N.V.M. board for - tandard system which conzistz of а 1000/ Z881 + ЗІК N.V.M. board + 16K Т51016 rampack. To work efficiently with the standard SINCLAIR rampack, Wilf separated the A14° line from the А14 line by means of resistor R2. Also. the А147 line is connected to the IC's through diode D3. For any System not using the SINCLAIR rampack Join А14? to А14 by placina a jumper Over ЕР? and lift out one end of diode D3. See schematic for placement of removable jumpers А and E if you need the flexibility.
If you rum "HOTKEY" or "NEWROM" from a board which also serves as a system FAM, you cannot use the write protect switch. To write Protect for example your “RAMDOS 1900" in the OG to SK region, Power up in SINCLAIR ROM, Switch in
іст
10
Lev. |,|- 1947
M м - 4 “ a G) Y > 2 м N e)
4isu
REMOVABLE . зумеса АТ 4x1
-STANDALONE USE "AS NVM RAMPACE" USE wit prec — *tSV 20
12k мим $e4eo - - -RI 2 10K d
Ov
RAMDOS, brina your program into RAM, and switch back to SINCLAIR КОМ for power down. In case you accidentally powered down im RAMDOS, here is how to restore 1% (Let the board closest to the computer be СА”? and the board plugged
into it ’B’) Board "E": SS off, write protect open Board *^: 58 on, 51 off
Load RAMDüS from tape, install HOTKEY or NEWROM. Close 58 and write protect оп “Б”, open S8 and close 51 on “А”.
І am using my system with A? set for © to ЗЕК and “БЕ”? set for 32 to 64K, fully utilizing all addressable 64К. For me the small Precaution needed for power сома iz a small price to pay for the benefit gained. I use 2 write protected ” ESR boards filled with proarams and utilities (only one at a time, of
Course) _
Gerd Breununa
MREQ 14 7
8k Block SECECTog Switcues ( shown m ‘OFF’ pe
Dioves Di to DT лес 9 Underside, Те Top ғ) Edge Connector. GEGMANIUM INS4A
32k NVM SCHEMATIC | 9
© i987 Wilf Rigter ‘Rev. 1.1
Fig. {
THE CASSETTE CONNECTION
Reprinted by permission from чикии News Vol2 #3 by Fred Nachbaur
In Volume 1, I ran a series on improving cassette reliability on the ZX81. Well, now that the TS2068 has arrived, that's all obsolete, right? Wrong! If anything, in my experience the 2068 needs even more "outside help" in getting reliable loads.
First, let's take a look at the load signal itself, As you may have noticed, the actual program is preceded by a header which consists of about five seconds (4032 cycles) of an 806.5 Hz. tone. This "sync pattern” is presumably used to set timing and compensate for variations in recorder speed. This is followed by:
1. The type of save (program, numeric array, string array or code)
2. A name up to 10 characters 3. The length of the file
4. The starting line number, variable array address
5. Then (in the case of program saves) the offset to the variables (VARS-PROG).
After the header is a brief silence (though I use that term loosely), followed by another 5 second sync pattern and the actual program or data. (This info is from the tech manual.)
The data is represented quite differently from the ZX81/TS1000. Instead of having pulses of fixed width, with five such pulses representing a "0" and nine pulses being a "1", the TS2068 uses the more conventional approach of sending a short pulse (period=.48 ms) for zeros, and a longer pulse (period=.96 ms) for ones. This is, by the way, the
same kind of system used by SDS, Z-XLR8 and other
fast-load programs for the ZX81. Although it is about four times аз fast as the standard 7 Х81 load routines, it is still considerably slower than the "fast-load" routines; the average rate of data transfer is about 1400 baud (bits per second) whereas SDS, for instance, runs: at about 3500 baud and Z-XLR8 is variable up to about the same speed.
According to the tech manual, the SAVE signal із processed with а low-pass filter whose corner
frequency is 2.5 KHz., which is very close to the
output frequency when sending all zeroes. Аз а result, the signal is considerably "rounded" before
it gets to the recorder. This may help in preventing 10
overshoots and harmonic effects ("beating" with the bias oscillator in the recorder), but it tends to make the signal mushier and less sharply defined in pulse-width. As a side note, the manual also claims that the SAVE signal is between 0.15 and 0.67 Y p-p; if this were so, your recorder would be blasted so badly you'd only get garbage. Perhaps this refers to the signal at Ше edge connector, or perhaps they meant 0.15 - 0.67 MILLIvolts (.00015-.00067 Y).
The LOAD section is low-pass higher breakpoint (23 kHz.), so the effect this filter has on the load signal 13 negligible; it would not even significantly reduce any horizontal blanking pulses that might find their way to the tape. The sensitivity of the LOAD section is even less than the ZX81/TS1000, so a comparator or op-amp pre-conditioner із definitely recommended for thís machine. Also, because of the extreme rounding of the save signal, volume setting is more critical;
the range over which the pulse width is within acceptable limits is quite narrow, even with a pre- conditioner.
Now the Good News!
filtered at a much.
Now, the good news. There is an almost absurdly
simple way of fixing this.
1l. Remove the 7 screws that hold the two case halves together, gently separate them and unplug the keyboard.
2. Remove the three screws that hold the board to the lower case-half, one near the speaker, one near the “Timex 2000" logo and one next to the cartridge connector.
3. Lift the board out and turn it over.
4. Shunted directly across the MIC jack, оп · the wiring side of the board, you'll find а small blue (оп my machine) 120 pF. capacitor. Remove it, and throw it into your junk box. (Who knows, it might be useful for something.) This alone might do it. І
9. There is another identical сар in parallel with this one, located about 2" to the left of the CPU and just to the left of ап 1,5245 (015). It is marked C10, though the legend may be hard to see; it's the smaller one, at the bottom of a row of components. Clip this one also. 6. Re-assemble the machine, and you're done.
Before Г performed these "cap-ectomíes" on ту machine, I couldn't load tapes I'd saved on the TS2020 recorder, though other recorders worked sometimes, Now it works just fine, and із less sensitive to variations in playback level. What we've done is remove that low-pass filter and squared the save signal back up. It із unclear why C10 was included and downright obscure why another one was tacked on afterwards. Perhaps they were afraid of too much RFI and possibly flunking FCC testing.
- ——_
.-<->2--
If thís results іп too much поізе on your machíne, | or if it didn't improve matters any, put one of Ше | caps back іл and try it again. It could be that | you're getting harmonic “| "beating" with the recorder's bias oscillator. If you still have no
joy, your problem is most likely with the load,
rather than the save, Try a Winky board, VOTEM, the
circuit in Volume 1 or other load signal pre- conditioner.
CLI? C10 OUT e—C>—e
ue
б 6789 Ol 213 XVXNMVEMY ees
cse
CD ———e
Ө rc
cC
CD
CD
.--Сс<-2-
915
Css
ШІ
MONI TOR
fido У082
kkkkkkkkkxkxkxkxkkxkkkkkkkkkkkkkkxkxkxk
META MEDIA PRODUCTIONS 726 WEST 17TH VANCOUVER, BC CANADA V52 179
META MEDIA PRODUCTIONS ANNOUNCES Q_LINK 1.555
Now featuring: - UNARC & UNCRUNCH utilities for Msdos & CP/M files - 7 k B Bit Data support - Full 7 & 8 Bit Parity support
- Expanded Editor functions - String Search, Goto, Append File - Editable default path/filename - Toggie display of Control Chars And Still featuring: - Supports Multitasking & Expanded Memory - Pial,Redial - Integral Editor
- Xmodem & Ascii file transfer - 54 or 88 Coiumns
- 100М printing for speed - XON/XOFF handshaking
- Supports Multitasking & Expanded Memory
- Directory of any Device tells you File Type & Length
- Integral Editor for Capture Buffer, or Document Creation
Edit your session; mark a biock, then Print, Save or Ascii Transfer it Makes it easy to mark an interesting item & transfer it to another ВВ5 Store up to 4@ Telephone Numbers, 20 Signons/Passwords per setup file Edit phone numbers, BBS names & Signons painlessly to create setup fiie Load another setup file for even more numbers & passwords. Complete documentation. Extensive use of Menu/Quick modes for Novice & Expert. Things are made easy with stored File Device, Printer Device % Baudrate Configures to any modem. Set В seperate modem commands, parameters k Messages; Dial, Immediate Redial, Reset. Supports all QL Baudrates
100) Machine Language for Speed! Works with a JSU, JM, MGUK ROMs includes the Utilities: Unsqueeze, Library, Filters, UNARC & UNCRUNCH
The Fine Print : В LINK 1.555 - US$ 29.95 + $3.00 shipping Upgrade for registered owners - 10.00 + $3.00 shipping Supplied on MDV or 5.25" disk [specify tpil META MEDIA PRODUCTIONS 726 WEST 17TH VANCOUVER, BC CANADA 957 119 ti
OL RAM. extension
Sinclair's QL has as standard a 128 K RAM, which sounds like a lot in com- parison with most 64 K machines. Unfortunately, the software writers, in
the knowledge that there is more than . enough memory, have been rather .
wasteful in their work, so that at the end of the day, there is not all that much more in the QL than in the 64 K machines. So, you memory. . .
The accompanying circuit is an appli- cation of the TMS4500A as RAM extension for the 68008. This chip can
need more
В, should be replaced by а wire link. The circuit as shown is for the 128 K version. It is also possible to omit the eight RAMs connected to RASI and make a 64 K extension. Input A of the 15138 must then be connected to Ақ and pin 11 instead of pin 13 must be used as CS.
There is no 5 V supply available on the connector, but there is a 9 V line. This can be reduced to 5 V by a standard 7805. The current drawn depends on the types of RAM and will be 200...300 mA. It is important to
decouple the supply lines properly:
` drive a maximum of 128 K dynamic each RAM IC and the 4500 require a
RAM and provides virtually
‘ " қ itor! everything: multiplexing of the Mn жараспас address lines, RAS, CAS, апа REFRESH.
The memory ICs are 64 K x 1 (128 or 256 refresh are both permitted) and have a speed of better than 150 ns. Since the QL uses a clock frequency of 7.5 MHz rather than the normal
8 MHz, such a RAM can run without wait cycles. An 8 MHz CPU that regularly has to carry out a wait cycle is appreciably slower than a 7.5 MHz type!
The 68000 family is provided with a data acknowledge input. As with other processors, the CPU places addresses and data onto the bus and . indicates the validity with an address strobe and data strobe respectively. It continues to do so until the memory sends a DTACK signal. The present extension generates this signal with the aid of the LS156. Normally, this mid acknowledgment is given almost. aa immediately, but it may happen that алас
the 4500 is in the middle of а refresh. — In that case, the CPU has to wait, which is arranged via the ready output ск (pin 2).
To prevent the QL waiting forever when an address is read that has no memory, the DTACK is generated internally: this must, however, be disabled for addresses where the RAM extension is located, and for- tunately this can be done easily via DSMC. By making this logic high as quickly as possible, the internal : DTACK is cancelled.
If you cannot get the 2N2905 transis- ` tor, you may use a BS250, in which: case resistor A, can be omitted and
elektor july/august "905, |... «ыса
“%% 22
Ж хин
Е
пин
ІНЕ le ele e e ЫНЫ)
232:
WER
Фед
л <
FFI = ҰІС2 = 741574 N1 = X1C3 = 741532
-— "m
12 "
O ROWL
LOGICAL OPERATORS A Course In Digital Electronics By и. Lee if gou've — never — experimented with Example 1 shows the solution to tis digital electronics but you've programmed “So0at-Wolf-Corn problem. A farmer empous in BASIC with such statements as, а hired hand that is not too bright. The hired hand is to keep the farmer's goat.
AND В = 3 THEN GOTO 58 OR D = 7 THEN PRINT Е
1a ТЯ 20 IF C
Chances are you aireadu know more about digital electronics than you suspect.
digital electronics Switches called gates.
iImlike amplifiers, 15 Made up o£ logic
out of the corn barn while the door is Open. There is also danger of a wolf that lurks nearbg who will eat the goat. It is assumed that the zituation is safe if the goat and the wolf are not visible and that the wolf does not eat corn. Тһе farmer builds а Circuit that contains three Switches. All the hired hand need to do 15
They are concidered ас either on or off, to throw the switches then the situation true or false, high оғ low. In the early occurs, door open, scat in sight, wolf іт days а person would build them out of sight. The digital circuit Will sound the relays but nou they are available in alarm if a dangerous condition occurs integrated circuit form. There are tua. Which Will alert the farmer. Does the main families that are widely used, the Circuit work? Try it and see. 740@ series TTL and the 4000 series CMOS, The “Truth Table proaram'" will calculate There are €icht basic gate building all the conditions for а lodic circuit. It blocks. A two input AND gate will produce asks for the number of inputs and the а high output if both input A and input Е equation. There are some examples іс high. A two input OR date will produce available that mau help uou see how the а high output if either input A or input E program works. However there are tuo
if high. An EXCLUSIVE OR gate will produce & hidh output if input A is different than input Е. An INVERTER produces the opposite output condition from its input. Combining these gates with another INVERTER 111
limitations. The program is limited to а maximum OF Six inputs numbered A to Е although it сап easily Бе modified to handle more. The other іс that Boolean algebra will omiy work With combination
produce four more new gates With the logic, | not with sequential logic. Opposite conditions, the NAND gate, the sequential logic Covers the area of flip NOR gate, the EXCLUSIVE NOR gate ата the flops, counters, shift registers etc.
non-inverting BUFFER. When different gates are combined they can be made to perform elaborate tasks.
In 1847 George Ессіс developed a system Called Boolean algebra. It showed how a logical condition could be translated into
Which ге чт on the previous conditions. It
would require a much more sophisticated
2. and that may come in some future ime.
ІҒ you're intereste іп learning more about digital electronics there are some
an equation. Me сап synthesize а logic very good books on the market. The circuit with ZX operators and have the favorites have always been the "TTL computer perform all the calculations. Cookbook" ar the “mos Cookbook" by Don This list which contain all the different Lancaster, берег good ones include
input conditions is Called the Truth Table. It allows us to analize the circuit
“Cmos/TTL, A User's Guide with Projects" by Joseph J. Carr. And the example for the
"eOoat-Molf-Corn'" problem is from “Digital Computer Circuits 4 Concepts" by Bill Deem, Kenneth Muchos and Anthony Zeppa.
Without actually having to build it.
EIGHT BASIC GATES
ІН!
AND GATE NAND GATE R GATE . :NoR САТЕ А А A A J>- | в NS LU eL ae А b e | P | TTL 7406 Cwos 4081 TT ‘7400 CMos 401] TT TX CM 4071 тт. 7402 Cmos 4001 INPUTS 2. INPUTS 2 я INPUTS 2 INPUTS 2 ZX EXPRESSION А АМ B 2x EXPRESSION МОТ (А мр 8) ZX EXPRESSION А OR B Zx EXPRESSION NoT (A OR 8) slala Bla] ol olo 0 oj? oj lio 0 HA i olo "о пару
15
EXCLUSIVE OR GATE ЕКАУЫМЕ NOR GATE f FFE INVERTER
"PE "P.L pee sora
TTL 7484 CMOS 4070 TTL — 74266 cmos 4077 TIL 74365 cmos 4050 TTL 740% C M05 мәле 2 INPUTS 2 INPUTS | INPUTS | 2X EXPRESSION AX? 6 2х EXPRESSION A=® Zx EXPRESSION А 2X EXPRESION NOT A
Ка, TOUS olo ofi TE 110
EXAMPLE 3 EXAMPLE | TOT А ( deca) - E (ы). O S a Que) : à (wn) < GOAT- WOLF - CORN PROBLEM мәле 3 INPUTS 3 RE NO iC ZX EXPRESSION (AoRE) AND с 2х EXPRESSION —— NOT (A AND б Ant c) OR NCT B ЕХАМАЕ 2, А € INPUTS 2 INPUTS 3 ZK EXPRESSION А АВ = BANC 2X EXPRESSION NOT (nor (^ OR 8) AND (в «c)) 1 REN THE TRUTH TABLE 120 LET 3£$z" BY U. LEE . 120 PRINT AT 4,7; “THE TRUTH TRE LE";RHT 11,2; ENTER THE NUMBER ОҒ THIS PROGRAM WILL PRODUCE я INPUTS"; AT 129;22;" «MAX. 63” TRUTH TABLE FROM A GIVEN BOOLEAN 140 INPUT I EXPRESSION URITTEN UITH COMPUTER 158 IF І>6 THEN GOTO 140 OPERATORS. 160 PRINT АТ 11,1; “ENTER THE БО
OLEAN EXPRESS EON" AE 35:12:27” 170 INPUT ES
WHEN THE PROGRAM STOPS, ENTER
2 ТО COPY 2800 CLS C TQ CONTINUE 210 PRINT ga Ва 4,0;1.6(19-3%І Т 0); O°"; AT в,2; 036 ТО (1+1) #5) o GOTO 182 220 FOR х=@ TO VEN sd 19 LET A= 230 LET мх 15 RETURN 240 FOR L-1 TO I га LET B= 250 | ЕТ Y-zí(N-2xINT (N^/2)) 25 RETURN 260 LET N=INT (N72) За LET CzY 270 LET S$((I4i-L)sx3-2)z9STR$ Y 35 RETURN 280 GOSUB L#i¢ 40 LET D= 290 NEXT L 45 RETURN за LET S5$í((I41)x3)-STR$ VAL ES за LET Е- 318 PRINT 5% o5 RETURN 320 NEXT X 6@ LET F= 330 STOP 65 RETURN 340 GOTO 128 180 LET LEST Е D € B ^H ^" 110 LET О%="
kc e c e e ke kc
Larken Electronics’ LKDOS
The Last and Best Hardware for Your 2068 by John Riley
A year ago I had made up my mind that I had maximized my 2068 system. 6. Russell's Romswitch gave me access to the richness of British Spectrum software. The Aerco printer interface had allowed me to use a full-sized printer. A "recycled" Westridge modem hooked me up to the outside world. The Aerco FD-68 Disk Interface gave me mass storage, RGB output, and 64K of additional memory that nobody could give me any practical way to use. The only thing that I wanted and didn't have was disk storage for my Spectrum software, which Aerco promised but never delivered. So I resigned myself to cassette storage for the rest of my Life, and always thought twice before acquiring much Spectrum software for this reason.
Then came the tantalizing rumor that Canadian hardware wizard Larry Kenny had developed a 2068 disk interface that was Spectrum compatible, had a Kempston joystick interface, exten- ded Basic, and a pushbutton "snap- shot" NMI save. The cost was some $80 less than the Aerco interface, but I was not thrilled with the idea of throwing my investment in the Aerco system out the window, nor did I relish the thought of having to convert my rather large disk Library to а new DOS. So I stayed with what
I had, while the Larken interface ССАйгу + KENny, get it?) gained а great deal of popularity among Canadian users, and made some inroads into the U.S. among those who had not already committed them-
selves to Аегсо ог Oliger.
During my stint as editor of this newsletter ап even more interesting rumor appeared that Mr. Kenny was adapting the cartridge port com- ponent of his system to drive the Aerco interface with his own LKDOS. I promptly wrote to Mr. Kenny and did my best to egg him on іп this project, assuring him that Не would
Reprinted from the Mar/88 issue of the N/L of the Capital Area T/S Users Group
sell at least ONE such card to me! He wrote back and told me that a good bit of interest had been expressed in the idea, and he was forging ahead with it.
In Late September 1987 I got an announcement that the LKDOS cart- ridge was ready for sale. Unfortunately this was right in the middle of my relocation from Maryland to Georgia, and it was the midst of December before І дої around to ordering one. In mid-January, the package came! Although Mr. Kenny penned a short apology for the delay, І thought that this was a very reasonable turnaround time for him, especially in view of the delays that often accompany mail that crosses the U.S./Canadian border.
The manual on plement
package contained а ten-page
LKDOS, a three-page sup- for the Аегсо loadable ver- sion, a disk full of demonstration software and utilities, апд the cartridge itself. This latter is a hardware-crammed board that just barely fits in the cartridge port with enough room to close the cover. After making one small modification to the Aerco disk interface (details to follow), you plug in the Larken board and miracles begin to happen!
The disk drive now works in both Spectrum and 2068 modes, the 64K onboard Aerco ram is available їо function as а ramdisk (people who
have the 256K version can have FOUR ramdisks!), and you have new window- ing and graphics capabilities to play with. You can generate disks that are compatible with users of Oliger, Ramex, Aerco, or Larken disk systems, if they also have the Lar- ken LKDOS cartridge. This virtually unifies the disk-based 2068 user world, as long as they have made the investment in LKDOS. As a further bonus, the Aerco eprom can be replaced with а Spectrum rom ог Zebra Systems’ 05-64 eprom, if the user wishes to get away from Aerco DOS entirely.
The modification to the Aerco board
15
is a simple one, even to a certified member of the Hacker's Klutz Society Like myself. Instructions іп the manual supplement lead you to remove the piastic cover from the front of the interface. Be sure that you pry against the plastic and not against the circuit board, which is covered with copper foil tracery that is possible to damage! Then one is Led to the fifteenth pin of the top row of the edge connector (counting from the Left), where the NMI tine is soldered directly in the form of a thin wire-wrap type of wire. This wire must be cut and an SPDT switch (I used Radio Shack part no. 275-613) spliced in. Actually, this is not quite as easy as it sounds, for said wire is only about an inch Long. The best way to approach the task is to nip the existing wire where it solders onto pin .15, carefully strip the insulation off the end and extend it with another Length of wire-wrap material. This kept me from having to solder directly onto an IC pin on the board, which makes me nervous! Then tapping into pin 15 on the back (feed-through) side of the board
where there is more room to work, route the second wire to the front through one of the existing drill- holes on the board. The switch is then wired іп, and the problem arises as to where to mount the Switch. My kids use my 2068 a- Lot
and it wouldn't do to just Leave it hanging out of the circuit board. My solution was to build up the adhesive foam spacers that origin- ally secured the front cover of the board, install the switch in a hole cut into the foam, and replace the protective front over the whole assembly. You can get а roll of adhesive foam stripping at any good hardware store. It is usually used for mounting Light-weight pictures on the wall. You must cut off the bottom inch or so of the interface cover so that the edge connector can
still fit into the back port of the 2068, but the back of the computer itself nicely fills this gap and protects the board from dust and
children's fingers.
With the switch now in place you can selectively enable the NMI Line and thus use AERCO DOS, or disable the NMI Line, plug in thee Larken cart- ridge, and use LKDOS. Herin lies the only real complaint that I have with Mr. Kenny's cartridge, and it is perhaps а minor опе. If the user Wants to be able to use both the Aerco and Larken DOS, the board must continually be inserted and removed
from the cartridge port. Alas, the board is so tightly packed with components that it is difficult to remove once it is in place! Someone with arthritis in their fingers might find it impossible to do so.
I am going to deal with this problem by converting my most often-used programs over to LKDOS so that I can have access to them in either System. However, it would be much better if somebody would figure out а Way to wire а switch that would cut the cartridge port in or out of the 2068 system without removing the cartridge! Does anybody out there know if this is possible?
Mr. Kenny's manual includes instruc- tions for adding the NMI “snapshot Save" Pushbutton circuit to the Aerco board. I am going to attempt this in the near future and will be Sure to send you a report on it. Until then I'tt Simply conclude by saying that every Aerco disk interface owner who has an interest
. in getting Spectrum material on disk
or moving beyond the Limitations of the Aerco system should seriously consider the Larken cartridge. At $65 for Spectrum compatibility, а ramdisk, a new and well-executed DOS, and several interesting and "do-able" optional hacks; ЧЕ [sa а good investment indeed.
55555555588558
16
Silicon Mountain Computers С-12, Mtn. Stn. Group Box
Nelson, BC 911 2J3 Canada
USING THE PC8300 WITH 64K RAM PACKS
The PC8300 can easily be made to work with 64K RAM packs, as well as the 16K and 32K packs from Memotech. The reason it doesn’t work presently, іс that some of the CPU control lines were not brought out to the expansion connector. Some of these are unlikely to be useful; however, at least оп (MI*) is absolutely VITAL to proper operation with large RAMs.
You can easily add this line. Simply run a wire from ріп 27 of the CPU chip, to edge trace 22A. See the diagram below.
Some peripherals use the BUSRQ* line, so while you’re at it you might as well add this one also. Connect CPU pin 25 to edge trace 206.
The other missing lines are INT*, NMI*®, НА Тж, BUSAK*, UAIT*, and RESET*. Only the more exotic peripherals will need these, so casual users need not be concerned with these. However, if you wish to add these, the connections аге as follows:
CPU EDGE CONNECTOR
INT 16 114 NMI x p? 12A
HALT* 18 13A
BUSAK® 23 18A b. WAIT* 24 19A E 2 RESET* 26 214 L — А
і 900000 O0009000000900€0
-~
Busea* a ме 17
18
s — € — a— оно 09 M a i t А D D AU AU A UU D D UD AUD I A t MM »--5
BBS LISTING FOR THE LOWER MAINLAND VERIFIED AND CURRENT RS RT MAY 5, 1988
BBS PHONE HOURS COMMENTS BRUD
1608 PLUS -------- 597-1514 24 LEN BOSCOE OPUSNET 3/12
A & B SOUND BBS —— 321-5143 24 VARIOUS ATARI HICHTRON 3/12/24 Я DIFFERENT CORNER - 576-9682 24 DARK KNIGHT BLUE BD. 3
Я WAYWARD SPARROW — 994-6994 24 ANDY ANDERSON СОНИ 3 ABACUS ---------- 272-4311 24 JOHN GVULRSI! Х-КЮОЕН 3/1288 AGORA BBS --------- 463-4811 24 DAVID LOCHHEAD IBM FIDO 3/12 AIRSPACE SOCIETY —- 276-647 24 DALE JACKRHAN REES 3/12 RMI HAVEN -------- 584-1578 24 JOHN G. AMIGA 885 3/12 RPPLE PEELERS 88S — 437-9222 — MAVERICK APL PROTREE 3/12/24 ARCRO IA 538-1074 24 HILD STRIKE COMM BLUE 3/12 ARCANE BIMMER ———— 875-9788 24 ENCHANTER COMM BLUE ВО. 3 B&B'S UIC28/C64 —— 985-5042 24 THE COMMODORE MAN AABS 3 BASIC “LY 584-9811 28 BOB SATTI IBM OPUS 3/12 BEST #1 536-0024 24 ‘COCO РВВ5 4.92 3/12 BIG-BORRD ---------- 272-4644 24 JOHN GVULRSI! COMM.POLITICAL 3/12 BINARY STOCK EXCH. - 266-1531 24 JOHN C. ATARI FOREN ST 3/12 BLOOM COUNTY BBS —— 263-3843 24 STEVE DALLAS COMM. BLUE BD. З
BLUE HELL 879-8676 24 SYSOP: BEELZEBUB 3/12 BOTTOM LINE 583-1885 24 TED NIEWENHUIZEN APL 3/12 BRORDHRV BBS ------- 435-9427 24 BRUCE KNIPE ВИ TURB 3/12 CRSTLE ARRGH! ————— 327-9494 24 VELLOHBERRD COM. VISION 3 CATALYST 433-8214 24 BRYAN BEDFORD IBM OPUS 3/12 CEN-TA BBS --------- 9827-9388 24 D.I. ORIG 3/12/24 CIRRUS 935-1382 24 MIKE MCCLOUD COM 3/12 CITVL ІМК 222-2908 24 STEVE BARER 3/12/24 CLUB PARADISE ----- 574-4776 24 WARLOCK СОН BLUE BD. 3 COMMODORE СС ———— 271-1682 24 GLEN 6 ОЕ НВУНЕ COMM. 015104 3/12 COMPUDOME BBS ------ 464-6716 24 HR. MICRO 3 COMPUSERVE** ------- 738-5157 24 3 COMPUTER KITCHEN —- 538-3839 24 GROG! AMIGA 685 3/12 COMSTAR 521-0886 24 MIKE MCLEOD IBN 3/12 COMM-ONLY 272-9222 24 JOHN GYULASI Hav/JUNE PH-C-0t ҮЗ/12 COUNTRY CORNERS ——— 534-9154 24 PIPER COMM SCBBES 3/12 DRTRPRC *1 689-8661 24 3 DRTRPRC 662-7732 24 24 3 DRTRPRC 687-7144 24 12 3
DEEP COVE BBS ----- 929-6183 24 WAYNE DUURL PC-BBS ALL COMPUTERS 3/12 DEEP SPRCE 538-5134 24 THE GORGON COMM BLUE ВО. 3 DIAL-A-F ILE 236-3453 22 STEVE FRIRBRIRH IBM 12/24 3
DR ROOTH SEX CLINIC 936-4425 24 APPLE JACK IBH 3 DRAGON'S WORLD ----- 583-1536 24 DRAGON LORD COMM AR 3/12 ELECTRIC COMPANY —— 273-5394 24 HIGH VOLTAGE APPLE RE ONLY! 3/12 FORTH BOARD ——————- 434-5886 14 JACK BROUM IBM OPUS 3/12 FANTASY PRRADISE --- 263-2682 24 COMM. BLUE 3
FRST 88 #3 ------- 738-2773 24 DEBBIE COOPER IBM 3/12 FRST PLUS HRSTER --- 594-7398 24 MEL PATRICK TRS88 BOARD 3/12 FIRST SOURCE BBS — 253-4312 24 RENE ERTZIHGER 16 OPUS 3/12/24 FROG HOLLOW ------ 469-0264 24 DAVID BOWERMAN — RCP /L 3/12/24 GATE FROM THE PRST - 228-1481 24 5008 MAN APPLE 3 GENIE ** 437-7313 24 USE HRLF DUPLEX! 3/12 GUYS 'N GALS 435-6662 24 PATTY TAGO TANDY OPUS 3/12 HACKER 885 589-0683 24 GEORGE SCURR ATARI 885 3 HAUNTED HOUSE ----- 581-6087 24 PETER FORD COMM. ARABS 3/12 HEM BORRD 929-3776 24 КЕН STERDAN ІВМ OPUS 3/12 HIDDEN PASSAGE ——— 224-7305 24 VENICE VERMIN COMM AACG 3 HYPERION BBS 685-4578 6-5 CHARLES HIDOLETON FIDO 3/12 INDEPENDENT CONNEC “М 321-1366 24 RVLHIN SHU IBM UORTEX 3/12/24 LRTE-NITE 278-3569 24 THE SPARK 3/12 LOOKING GLASS ------ 321-5938 ?? RICK GUNNYON ATARI 12/24 3
POOBAH RE I TER/ALLEN
HEYMAN & JASON FIDO S.J. SMYTHE
REAL-TIHE CHAT
IBM А585 12/24
HICROPROFESSOR PCBORRD 18
FIRE FOXCOMM RR AARON HASS OPUS
CORY MUZYKA VORTEX 2.
ONEIRO OMM. VISION DRRVL & TYLER OPUS GAVIN ТІ BORRD JIM DEAN
TED POWELL FIDO
THE MATRE DE COMM AABS SIX INCHES RCP/M PRIV. DANIEL CARRERAS AMIGA
HRGHETIC VISIONS -— 926-7192 24 MIND LINK** 533-2312 24 MIND HELD BBS ------ 438-7885 24 MOONSTRR ---------- 434-4945 10-19 MULT ITECH BBS 733-1383 24 NETHORK XXIII 439-5235 24 NORTHERN LIGHTS ---- 588-0789 23 ONE ON ONE 885 ——— 500-1185 24 OHEIRO'S ORACLE ---- 294-3897 24 OUT-LRH BBS ------- 591-3472 22 PUBBS 926-3389 24 PRCCOM 1. —— — — — — 666-2981 24 PRCIFIC SVSTEMS GRP. 228-9706 23 PAPIER MACHE CAFE — 530-235? 24 PEEP HOLE -------- 9984-4829 24 PHANTOM BES 939-4857 24 QUESTOR PROJECT ---- 681-0670 18
RERLM OF SHRDOUS | - 521-0006 24 REALM OF THE KNIGHTS 946-8538 24
STEVE P.
(Ви OPUS
REVELAT ION 929-1615 24 RICHMOND LIBRARY --- 276-2278 ?? S.F.U. ANTS 294-4188 24 SRGR BBS 688-8536 24 SRLURGE EXCHANGE --- 591-9633 24 SAM OBEN ----------- 879-9871 24 SHADOW WARP BBS ---- 270-7858 24 SHORTCIRCUIT 994-4615 24 SILUER BULLET BBS — 873-3048 24 SHOKEV MOUNTAIN ——- 462-8753 24 SNAKE PIT 298-3530 24 SOTA BLUE PLUS ——— 688-5061 24 SPERKERSV BBS ------ 435-7699 24 SPECTRUM BORRD ----- 738-7606 24 STOCK CHRT 294-7232 24 SUNSHINE BBS ------ 943-1612 24 ТЕР URNTRRI ——— 435-1727 24 T.R.R.C.E. -------- 272-5888 24 TERMINAL CITY ----- 731-6966 24 THE RPEX 685-8765 24 THE BERST BORRD ——— 585-7391 24
THE CRYSTAL TALISMAN 421-3282 24
NIGHTSHRDOH СОНМ. BLACK KNIGHT OPUS
APPLE
LIBRARY HOURS 7-1-0 INFO AT 291-32 VIKING ATARI 885 THE SCAVENGER CONN SRM OBEN ATARI
SHADOW KEEPER COMH. PENGO COMM RRBBS SILVER BULLET ATARI SUSAN CARMACK X RBBS COBRA COMM.
ANN JACKSON COMM BLUE BOARD 12/24
TRIPLX 8885 BRIAN SIMPSON OPUS RIC CHISTE ATARI BOB COTTER APPLE
DEVON SHEPPARD RTRRI
BAD SECTORS ATARI
12/24
12
MYRDDIN & PLKERION Cort.
KARATE KID СОМ.
HR. MISTER APPLE GBBS2
D. MCDONALD 7199-48
U.S. PACKET SHITCHING NETWORK
THE DUNGEON 327-8848 24 THE ELITE FORCE —— 597-2667 24 THE FUNNY FARM ——— 929-8812 24 THE PERCE MARCH —— 261-4495 24 THE TOY (D*D) 946-7445 24 ТІНЕ WARP 943-2877 24 ТҮННЕТ«« 683-7628 24 UBC LINE 228-9051 24 UBC MET** 228-1481 24 UBC NIMNET ++ ————- 228-5811 24 UNDERSIDE BBS ———— 939-2081 24 USER'S CHOICE ------ 538-4722 24
URHC'R PC USERS BBS 434-3434 24 VANCOUVER FOGLIGHT - 271-5934 24 VERMILLION CROSSING 986-6529 24 ZILCO DELIGHTS 524-4824 24
FACULTY /STUDENTS ONLY
STRIDER OPUS UNCLE CLEM COM IBM COLLIE 12/24 JAY SIEGEL КСРМ/2 THE TIME BANDIT
COCO
SYSOP: THE OMINOUS ONE
3 3/12/24 3/12
3 3/12/24 3/12 3/12/24 3
3 3/12/24 3/12 3/12 3/12 3/12 3/12 3/12 3/12
3
3/12 12-96
3/12/24 3/12
3
3/12 3/12 3/12 3/12
3
3/12
HAY 6, 1988.
ALL THE BBS'S ON THIS LIST HERE VERIFIED AND HERE ANSHERING THEIR LINES THE WEEK OF
19
Reprinted from the May/88 issue of the Nite-Time News - the N/L of the Chicago Area T/S Users Group
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ON THE ОГ By Michael Mitchell (Reprinted from (2X)
The 01 for all its power and versitility is liited in teleconmunicating at 300 baud without a hardware link between the serial port and the воден. The following program which appeared in the Data Expansion or the Dallas/Fort Worth group will get you on line to a TNC or a telephone at 308 (or even
1200) baud.
| REMark 300/1200 baud terainal | 205 PRINT#O, , "Re-run/Quit? (r/q)'
2 REMark MIKE TERM 21€ IF INKEYSC-])zz'R" THEN RUN: ELSE STOP
3 REMark Developed by 229 DEFine PROCedure terminal
4 REMark Michael Mitchell 236 REPeat key loop
5 REMark attribution requested 240 — azCODECINKEYSCIS, 6) 24418
6 REMark Sinclair/Tinex User Group 250 ТЕ а=13 THEN PRINT
7 REMark Boston Coaputer Society 260 ТЕ а=7 THEN BEEP 2000,15 100 WINDOW 465,204,6,0 270 ІРҘЗІ THEN PRINT CHR$(a) 105 BORDER 1,0,7: 18-127 298 — bzCODECINKEYS) 110 CLS: POKE 163976,255: (150 290 ТР bz248 THEN EXIT key loop 120 PRINTÉ6,, "Choose Baud: H-1200, 1:30 300 IF bz255 THEN 8-0
318 F bz
130 IF INKEY$(-1)sz"h'THEN BAUD 1200: ELSE BAUD 300 320 nf ne а ы; 140 (15%%: OPENES, SER2i 330 ТР bz208 THEN b=7 156 PRINTEO, , "FS=QUIT", "ALT Cz ^C* , "* G-BELL" .940 PRINTES, CHR$(b): 160 REPEAT TERN : 350 END REPeat key. loop 176 TERMINAL: PRINTHO, , "Exit? (y/n)" 360 RETurn А 180 IF ІМКЕҮЅС-1)==*ү" THEN EXIT tera гі ; 190 END REPtere 370- END DEFine T 200 CLOSERS Save as МІКЕ TERM bas
x o OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK KKK
[bu с.Еемта | LYR HS. |
NELSON, B.C.
WORLD?S SIMPLEST VOLT-METER
THIS LITTLE CIRCUIT DETECTS ANY VOLTAGE FROM 2 TO 125 VOLTS, AC. OR D.C.
RED LED - DC, Probe positive ES
GRN LED - DC, Probe negative ;
GOTH LEDs - Alternating | ығ | 462 lanp indicates higher | 2-14 oc |
voltages, starting about 15 volts, A.C. or D.C.
962 Lanp нач be ordered
through any electronic supply house or catalog
Build into pen of сина plastic el
SETTLE
20
Reprinted from the Jan/Feb issue of The Ramtop - the N/L of the Greater Cleveland Sinclair User Group
The Trump Caza
by David Hoshor
The Trump Card is simply the most useful single addition you can get for the Sinclair QL. It combines a disk interface, 768 kilobyte RAM expansion, Toolkit II for SuperBASIC extensions, a screen dunp, static and dynamic ramdisks and a dynamic printer buffer. When you consider that even the lowest cost 512 Kb RAM expansion anda disk interface will cost at least $250, and Toolkit II costs $70, the Trump Card is a bargain at $309.95. The entire unit only sticks out about three inches (тов the expansion port side of the QL, so it's compact. I got mine from Curry Computer in Glendale, Arizona.
The disk interface is pretty standard fare. It will allow you to store information on any combination of forty and eighty track drives, single sided or double sided, 5 1/4" or 3 1/2". The interface is fairly intelligent in that it will pick up on what format the disk was created in automatically. For exaaple, if you have a $0 track, 5 1/4" double sided drive, the interface vill automatically read from a 40 track, single sided disk. Of course, you can't make a single sided drive read (той a double sided disk, or put a 3 1/2' floppy ina 5 1/4" drive since the
interface can't change the limitations of your disk drives. But if you have an 80 track 5 1/4" double sided drive, you'll be able to read any disk with the exception of 3 1/2" disks. The
interface is only able to support two floppy disk drives. That's its only shortcoming as far as I'm concerned.
The 768 Kb RAM expansion aaxes out the QL. Added to the 128 Kb that аге built into the QL, you have a whopping 896 Kb of RAM. (While the 68008 CPU can address 1 Mb of RAM, 128 Kb of пещогу in the QL are reserved for device addresses and ROMs.) You'll have room to run any program that has ever been written for the QL - probably several copies of the program. This can be very helpful on a multitasking machine like the QL. You'll also have plenty of room for raadisks too.
The ramdisking capabilities of the Trump Card аге really neat. The raadisks come in two varieties, static and dynamic. The difference is that the static ramdisk has to be formatted, almost like a microdrive cartridge, and the dynamic ramdisk can be created by just using the device name. For example, to create a static randisk with two hundred, 512 byte blocks of space, just enter:
FORMAT RANI 200
A 100 Kb section of memory vill be set aside for use by the &achine to use just like a aicrodrive or floppy disk, but vill be located in fast RAM. To create a file in dynamic ram, it's just as simple as using the device's name. To copy a file to randisk ram3_ just enter:
COPY dev_filename to RAM3 filename
A bit of memory will be set aside in RAM as ram3 filename. It will grow only large enough to hold the file(s) that have been send to raa3 . The difference between the static and the dynamic raadisks is that the dynamic raudisks are more likely to fragaent the menory of the QL. If the memory becomes sufficiently fragmented, it can degrade the performance of the
machine because the operating system will have to scrounge around to find blocks of memory. Up to eight randisks сап be used with the Trump Card. One other neat feature of the raadisk is that it can make a very fast image of everything on а aicrodrive. It vill copy everything on the microdrive in just about fifteen seconds.
One of ay favorite features of the Trump Card is its printer buffer. It's а snap to use and can really save tine. In its simplest fora, you just use the device name "РКТ" instead of "SER". What happens is that whatever you are sending to the printer is sent in its entirety to a buffer in RAM. The QL then sends bytes to the printer as a background task. The advantage to this is that you can return almost iamediately to an editing session if you send a file to "PRI" from The Editor or Quill. И you send a file to "SER" from an editor, you aust wait until the printer has finished printing before you can continue editing. Several files can be sent to the printer buffer and they will be sent in the proper order. There is a method of changing the device that you want to have the "PRT" device use. Unless you have a parallel interface that doesn't use the serial port, it's hardly likely that you'll change it.
The printer фир is pretty good. It supports about any Epson dot aatrix printer plus a fev other printers including the Brother НЕД, Olivetti JPI@1, Seikosha GP-100A, GP-250X, and GP-7004, and the Canon PJ1080A. You can specify what section of the screen to copy, and there is a provision for using а "hotkey" to copy any screen from any program that you might be running. There's also documentation on how to open a printer device and get a printer dump from programs written in nearly any conputer language - not just SuperBASIC. I've tried it fron "С" and it does work.
Toolkit II is a collection of SuperBASIC extensions. Some of them are auch more useful than others, but on the whole, they are very worthwhile. То me, some of Toolkit's most useful commands аге “ей”, а screen based SuperBASIC editor; "vcopy', a file copier that allows the use of. wildcards; "vstat', a vildcard directory command that also provides the file size and last update time of files; "splf', another printer buffer or rather "spooler" that works great when used.vith ‘prt’; and an assortment of job control commands that allow the user to поп ог, change the status of, and remove jobs that аге the in Мей. Toolkit II allows the use of default directories, has clock features including alarm clock(s), has improved SuperBASIC error handling, permits the user to define "hotkeys", altkey/ single key combinations to enter large strings or comaonly used commands, and has an easy way to repeat of the last comaand typed. Some of the more obscure commands deal with networking, direct unbuffered access to the various i/o devices, and memory management commands. All in all, its a pretty impressive array of extensions to SuperBASIC. Once you start using the Toolkit П commands, you'll never want to use a sachine without thes. An additional benefit of having Toolkit II fitted on the Trunp Card is that it leaves the ROM cartridge slot on the back of the QL free for other ROMs.
When you consider the features that the Truap Card offers, I feel that it is an unbeatable combination. 21
22
Silicon Mountain Computers C-12, Mtn. Stn. Group Box Nelson, EC VIL 2J3 Canada
UPLOADING BIG МЕМОТЕХТ FILES
This article was inspired Бу a customer who had BIG (around 44K) Memotext files created with Vi, and needed to upload them to a mainframe. I decided to write it up in an info- sheet form, in case anyone else had the same requirement.
On first look, it would appear that the best way to proceed would be to split the large textfile into several smaller ones, which could then be uploaded as described in the ZX- TERM*80 AND MEMOTEXT article. However, on closer examination one comes to the realization that there simpl» isn^t enough room to maneuver data around, when the data is 44K long and the whole system has only 64K available. Though it might be possible, using "dummy" files which are imported to using a binary tape-save program like Z-XLR8, the convolutions required would drive the most stable individual over the brink.
So if one computer can’t cut the mustard, how about using two? (I’ve yet to meet a devoted ZX/TS user who only owns one machine.) "Computer #1“ would have 64K, and would house a slightly modified version of Memotext along with the "mega-textfile." The modification to Memotext would Бе a custom "Printer driver" that simply shoots the data out through the modem, instead of to the printer. "Computer 2“ would be running ZX-TERM*80, and would be used to capture the data transmitted Бу computer 1. Once captured, the data could be uploaded immediately, or saved to tape or disk, for later uploading to the remote system. This computer could be running as little as 16K, plus the 8K static RAM іп 8-16К. About three pages of text could thus be "cross- loaded" at a time. With more memory (32-64K), up to about 5 pages could be absorbed in each "go."
"Computer 2" could be virtually апу other computer system. For instance, if vou have а friend in the neighborhood wi th a modem and a reasonable terminal program (i.e. capable of up/downloading?, you could recruit his help. However, having full and immediate control is preferred, so if at all possible arrange for *Computer 24 to be within your work space.
THE HARDUARE
I tested this scheme using two computers (а 64К TS1500 and a 32K TS1000 with SCRAM board). Both were connected to a Westridge modem. The two modems were directly connected together. In other words, just plug the cable from one modem (doesn^t matter which? into the jacK on the other modem. Don^t connect the other cable to the phone line! You don^t even have to plug а phone into the empty jack!
That’s all the hardware that is required.
THE SOFTUARE
For software, vou will need Memotext V1 (Computer 1) and 2Х-ТЕКМж80 (preferably) or Міпі -Хтодет (at the very least) for Computer 2.
Memotext will require a modification to the printer driver. If you have U1C-2.03 or above (supporting a variety of interfaces), facility is provided for entering your custom driver code. If you have the older Vi specifically for the Memotech interfaces, you will have to patch in the new code into the "RS232* driver (how appropriate!). This article will assume U1C-2.05 (the most recent version), but will point out differences in the other versions.
The code that we will add consists of three routines. The first is just "send character in А to the modem," and replaces the printer driver. The other two are used to initialize (turn оп) and shut off the modem. The routines, and their run-time addresses, hexcode, and decimal values is given below:
ADDR HEXCODE МАМЕ MNEMONIC DECIMAL REMARKS
27CS FS DRVR PUSH AF 245 ¿save character 0827 IN а,77 219,119 sready to send? CB47 BIT 0,а 203,71. 28ға JR 2 27С6 40,250 sno? then loop back. F1 РОР AF 241 sretrieve character 0373 OUT (73),A 211,115 ¿ship it out. c9 RET 201 sreturn to Memotext 2700 21E127 INIT LD HL,INVL 33,225,39 ;start of table 0606 LD B,06 6,6 6 values ФЕ гоа, (Но 126 sget value to send D377 OUT (772,6 211,11? ssend to ctrl port 23 INC HL 35 snext entry 10ға DJNZ 2705 16,250 sloop until done С? КЕТ 201 sreturn to BASIC. 270C ЗЕ15 OFF* 1р 6,15 62,21 15 to control port D377 OUT (772,6 211,119 sturns off modem С? КЕТ 201 sreturn 27Е1 00 INVL DEFB 0 33 075 followed Бу 00 DEFB 0 00 DEFB 0 40 DEFB 64 ; 40h 4F DEFB 29 smode word for 8/1 37 DEFB 55 sturn on modem
If you have У1С, answer "6" ("Other Centronics") for your interface type. Then enter the decimal values shown above. If you have 2.04 or previous, you'll get "CODE TOO LONG" with an error stop when entering the last number. Don’t worry about it; GOTO 610 gets you going again.
23
If you have the older (ИМ versions, or perhaps a customized version for the Byte-Back serial or whatever, arrange to poke these values in at address 18503 through 18536. Also POKE 18502 with 0. With U1M, answer "R* when asked "RS232/Centronics?" when subsequently running. With VIC you just have to press ENTER, since this prompt was removed.
USING THE SYSTEM
Now that you’ve got Memotext suitably modified so that it operates as a "ASCII uploader," here’s how you would до about dividing up your massive files into manageable chunks.
Load your big text file into the modified Memotext as usual. Load ZX-TERM*80 or other terminal into computer 2, and relocate as appropriate to give you the maximum file space.
Initialize your DATA REM, but don’t open your capture buffer (save toggle?) just yet. Turn on modem 2.
When the text file has loaded, GIT to BASIC, and enter: RAND USR 10192 (turns on modem 1) RAND USR 13787 (returns to Memotext).
Now PTF. Answer Start page No. and Justify Y/N as desired. Answer Single-sheet mode. Before pressing P to print the first page, open your capture buffer. The first page will now be transferred.
Repeat with as many pages as you have room for. If you get "Buffer full", you're best off to restart. It won^t take you long to discover how many pages you safely have room for.
When the last page in this "go" has been transferred, close your capture buffer (save toggle off). Quit ZX-TERMX80 , answer SAVE YES, and save to tape. When done, re-enter 2Х- TERM*80, turn modem 2 back on, re-initialize, and continue "printing."
When all done, turn off modem 1 by quitting to BASIC, and entering RAND USR 10204.
Though this тау be time-consuming, it^s pretty "mechanical* compared to some of the exotic tomfoolery with Hot-Z, 2- XLR8, etc. that would be required otherwise.
Fred Nachbaur
„ 898398338338338333
Reprinted from the May/87 issue of Nite-Time News, the
N/L of the Chicago Area T/S Users Group
PRINT OR LPRINT By James F. Brezina
Each new book I have bought on the TS 29068 has taught me quite a bit about programming on the computer. The things I have learned lately on the keyword PRINT are quite interesting. The latest book I purchased, "Introduction to 2068 Machine Language” by Dr. Lloyd Dreger, explained quite a bit about it.
Many times I have entered programs with the command
"РКІМТ#Ф;” ог the command "PRINT £1;". I found that the command would cause whatever followed it (a string or numbers) to be printed to the bottom two lines on the screen. However, in order for that information to remain on the screen, one has
to provide some means to prevent an error statement ог INPUT from appearing there. That сап be done by a PAUSE or by following it with along FOR - NEXT loop. А11 the PRINT * commands аге То befollowed by a semi-colon.
Dr. Dreger's book informs me that "PRINT #2;" will print to the upper screen which is the same thing that PRINT also does.The next PRINT command "PRINT £3;" will send the printing to the printer. This will be either the 2040 printer Or a full size printer as long as you have the printer driver loaded and initialized.
Is there a PRINT %4;? Yes, I have found it used by the "ZTALKER”. It is the means by which words are entered to make the "ZTALKER" talk. However, some words do not sound right if spelled normally, so you might have to misspell them to get the"ZTALKER" to sound right.
I have not seen anything about using anything above #4 іп these PRINT statements in the above manner. І have seen the mused in another manner which I will explain later on.
An interesting thing about this PRINT £3 setup is that, you can also enter LIST #3 and it will LIST on the printer. Another thing you can do is with the LPRINT and LLIST commands. LPRINT#2 and LLIST #2 will go to the screen instead of the printer.
A number of years ago, I saw an article on one of the uses of the OPEN # command. This was originally intended for use with disks, however, it can also be used for printing without a disk system. The manner in which it was used was to enter "OPEN #2”".The 2068 will not let you enter "OPEN #2" alone but it will let you enter "CLOSE #2” by itself. To enter "OPEN
#2" you must follow it with a comma (the comma is the only punctuation mark that works) and one of the following letters in quotation marks:
"S" for the upper part of the screen.
"K" for the lower part of the screen (with something like PAUSE to keep the print on the screen)?
"P" for printing to the printer «апу kind as іп "PRINT #3" This will cause anything in а PRINT statement to go to where the letter indicates. The most usefull way of entering this commandis, "OPEN £2,"P". After entering this command (whether immediate mode or in a program, everything in the program that
is in a PRINT statement will go to the printer. The simplest мау of redirecting the print to the screen is to enter "CLOSE #2". I have seen one article that said to enter
"OPEN #2,"S", but, that to me is a waste of keystrokes and it 25 still leaves the channel open.
26
I have found that the only channel that works that way is channel 2. You can use any one of the other 15 channels to send print statements to the printer, but, you must follow them with the command: "PRINT £(channel you are using);" followed by what you want printed. An example of this is as follows:
10 OPEN #5,"Р"
20 PRINT %5;"Магу had а little lamb"
30 CLOSE #5
A while back I found a little program (I believe it was in TS HORIZONS) that works like а simple word processor. The original program was written as follows:
10 INPUT AT 21,0; АТ 0,9; LINE AS
20 LPRINT AS$
зо GO то 10
What happens with this program when you run it, is a cursor appears on the top of the screen. Ав you enter letters they are printed to the top of the screen and the cursor moves ahead of the letters. The entered string does not have quotation marks. Almost everything works as normal except the down arrow. It 15 the BREAK key for this program. You can even use the CAPS LOCK for this program. You can enter GRAPHICS. When you key the ENTER key, what is on the screen is printed on the printer. The screen would then be erased. Of course, a full sized printer will not print the GRAPHICS. You can also use the ENTER key for а LINEFEED. For а full sized printer, you will have to have your printer driver loaded in and initialized.
I tried ап alteration on the program by changing the 9,9 in line 10 to 1,0. Then I added a line 5 to print the numbers 1 through 9 all the way across the screen. I found that this line would remain on the screen at all times while the rest of the text would be erased with ENTER to print to the printer. І also found that corrections could be made to the text. I also tried putting a semi-colon after LPRINT AS. This had a drawback as one had to add spaces to fill the printers buffer or the entire text would not be printed out. |
In the September issue of Time Designs Magazine, one writer asked if there was а way to get the 2068 to print direct to the printer without using а monitor. Tim Woods answered that he knew of no way of doing this. The next issue contained quite a few letters in answer to that question, but, none of them really gave an answer to do what the writer wanted. One of the
answers gave me the following idea, but it still does not do what the writer wanted.
5 POKE 23692,2
10 LET А% - INKEYS: PRINT A$;: LPRINT A$;
15 PAUSE 20
20 GO TO 5
The POKE 23692,2 makes the text on the screen scroll up when the screen fills instead of breaking out. The semi-colons after the AS keeps the printing on one line, otherwise, there would only be one letter to a line. The PAUSE is necessary, as without it you would not be able to get your finger off а key fast enough so it wouldn't repeat. What happens is that the printer will print out a line of text when the printer's buffer is full or when you key ENTER. This program has а number of disadvantages. There is no cursor on the screen. You cannot
delete screen letters with the 0 key. You can move the unseen cursor with the arrow keys and correct words on the screen, but, you cannot change what is in the printer's buffer. The result is that your mistakes are still printed on the printer. You can still break out of the program with the CAPS SHIFT аё BREAK keys. CAPS LOCK cannot be used.
I tried a number of ways to make a cursor appear in the text on this program. I had no luck. Maybe one of you might find a way.
X OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK «OK
Т5/1898 VERIFY
bu DAVID NOUOTNIK Now the routine is in the
tong REM statment, and you can
With only ЗК of ROM in the detete Lines 29 through 88. DO
Т5/1000 it’s | 151142 wonder NOT delete tine 18. After these
that it hasn’t a verify command. tines are deleted, add the nx
This little program will take Lines, 28 through 78. Then t care of that omission. this before you go further, 3
is uour VERIFY program. This routine is based on the
LORD foutine in ROH. The chanse 5 v-4zn- у 15 when a byte is read off the 20 LET X=156515 TO 31870 = 4 tape. Instead ог putting the 30 FOR I-S-/- X Са. byte into the approprite place 40 POKE I FEIK Ж 5 2 in RAM, it is compared with the 50 LET X-X*1 O current byte at that address. If БӘ NEXT I 50 their is not a match, then the 70 МЕЦ o,» routine exits with ап error о message (R/O). ES .If alt bytes match and the г verification was successful, wp With по mis-match, than the 9/0 о message will be returned at the : To use the VERIFY routine, od end of the routine. it must be Loaded into your зо T5/1000, above RAM-TOP, before a E First enter this machine any other program. First tower Tw code loading routing, with 135 RAM-TOP with these three direct 5 О spaces or characters in the REM commands.... T N statment. POKE 15388,123 -- ENTER os 252 POKE 15389,255 -- ENTER а 5 10 REM ......(185 SPRCES)..... | NEU -2 ENTER > £f 20 LET X-15514 Now you may LOAD and RUN your e set за INPUT AS VERIFY routine. I 48 IF R$-"5" THEN STOP ПП.
o SO LET J=162(CODE 8$-28)-4CODE „Моо nou сап type іп your 2 > AS(2)-23 BASIC program. When you are H g ба IF PEEK X-27 THEN POKE X,J ready to SAVE it, just SAVE it Е 2 70 LET Х-х+1 to tape as you would normally O за со TO зе SAVE it. To VARIFY, rewind the Ек nd tape to the start — of the
Next RUN the program ап Program, and type in, in direct BU enter these HEX digits. commanded. + с V. ae find Аре USR 317441 Р со 7 11 00 ве св 12 Press play on your recorder ES Ор 29 10 7C 18 FS ec 81 05 99 and ENTER on your computer 2t Е DB FE D3 FF. iF 62 68 CD 10 7C CB 7A 79 20 ез with vafiables, then CLEARed BE 29 DS 23 17 30 Fi FD 34 15 them before verifying, or 21 Q3 48 БӘ CD 10 7C 90 CD БС Changed the variables in апу шау 7C 18 Ғ5 D5 1E 94 96 1A 1D 06 then you may get a verify error FE 17 CB 7B 7B 38 F5 10 F5 01 (R/O). Otherwise. if alt is 22 24 FE 56 30 B2 ЗЕ CB 11 30 wett, чоо’ і get an O78 message AD сз 7A 87 28 вв CF OC EB 21 to tell you. that your program 7C 49 37 ED-52 30 05 1H B9 2 has been UERIFIED. o2 a 1A 13 2n 14 40 37 ED 52 EB
27
zZ»mooo0-n1x-—O0»'0
The Vancouver Sinclair Users Group has been in existence since 1982. We are a support group for the owners and users of all SINCLAIR and TIMEX computers.
Pres:- Gerd Breunung PH#(604) 931-5509 V /Pres:- Glenn Read
бес:- Harvey Taylor
Treas. & N/L Editor:- Rod Humphreys
Our membership dues are only $15.00/year and may be sent to the Treasurer:
Rod Humphreys 2006 Highview Place Port Moody, B.C., V3H 1М5
Members of VSUG receive a monthly issue of ZXAppeal - our newsletter.
ZXAppeal accepts advertising. Our **PREPAID** rates are:
$10.00 — full page $8.00 — 1/2 page $5.00 — 1/4 page
ZXAppeal is distributed to approx 30 other SINCLAIR User Groups throughout North America as well as overseas via the NETWORK. NETWORK correspondence may be directed to the Editor at the above address.
Copyright of all articles appearing in ZXAppeal is retained by . the author with the understanding that other T/S User Groups may reprint any article appearing in ZXAppeal provided credit is given to the author and VSUG.