Compilation © 1993 University Publications of America All rights reserved.
Cl £difcoru
A SELECTIVE MICROFILM EDITION
PART III (1887-1898)
Thomas E. Jeffrey Microfilm Editor
Gregory Field Theresa M. Collins David W. Hutchings Elsa Gltclman Leonard DeGraaf Dennis D. Madden
Mary Ann Hellrigel Paul B. Israel Robert A. Rosenberg Karen A. Detig Gregory Jankunls Douglas G. Tarr
Reese V. Jenkins Director and Editor
Sponsors
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey National Park Service, Edison National Historic Site New Jersey Historical Commission Smithsonian Institution
University Publications of America Bethesda, Maryland 1993
Thomas A. Edison Papers
Rutgers, The State University endorsed by
National Historical Publications and Records Commission 18 June 1981
Copynglu © 1993 by Rutgers, The State University
beAlnraduced,VsetorlH0 fn " °f ' ^ pl|blieation includin8 any portion of the guide and index or of the microfilm may ^reproduced, i > ftneval » transmitted in any form by any means-graphic, electronic chem,cal- lncluding Photocopying, recording or taping, or information Storage and retrieval systems -without wntten permission of Rutgers, The State Univetsity, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
New Jemey"3’ d°CUmentS this edi,ion are from the archives at the Edison National Historic Site at West Orange,
ISBN 0-89093-702-8.
THOMAS A. EDISON PAPERS
Reese V. Jenkins Director and Editor
Thomas E. Jeffrey
Associate Director and Microfilm Editor
Robert A. Rosenberg Managing Editor, Book Edition
Helen Endlck
Assistant Director for Administration
Associate Editor
Paul B. Israel
Research Associates
Theresa M. Collins David W. Hutchings Karen A. Detlg
Intern
Gregory Jankunls
Assistant Editors
Keith A. Nier Gregory Field Lisa Gitehnan Martha J. King
Grace Kurkowskl
Student Assistant Bethany Jankunls
BOARD OF SPONSORS
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Francis L. Lawrence Joseph J. Seneca Richard F. Foley Rudolph M. Bel!
New Jersey Historical Commission Howard L. Green
National Park Service John Maounis Maryanne Gerbauckas Nancy Waters George Tselos Smithsonian Institution Bernard Finn Arthur P. Molella
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
James Brittain, Georgia Institute of Technology Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., Harvard University Neil Harris, University of Chicago Thomas Parke Hughes, University of Pennsylvania Arthur Link, Princeton University Nathan Reingold, Smithsonian Institution Robert E. Schofield, Iowa State Univeisity
CORPORATE ASSOCIATES
William C. Hittinger (Chairman), RCA Corporation Edward J. Bloustein, Rutgers, The State Univeisity of Newjeisey • Cees Bruynes, North American Philips Corporation Paul J. Christiansen, Charles Edison Fund Philip F. Dietz, Wcstinghouse Electric Corporation Roland W. Schmitt, General Electric Corporation Harold W. Sonn, Public Service Electric and Gas Company Morris Tanenbaum, AT&T
FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS
PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS
The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Charles Edison Fund The Hyde and Watson Foundation Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation
PUBLIC FOUNDATIONS
National Science Foundation National Endowment for the Humanities National Historical Publications and Records Commission
PRIVATE CORPORATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS
Alabama Power Company Amerada Hess Corporation Anonymous AT&T
Atlantic Electric
Association of Edison Illuminating Companies, Inc.
Battelle Memorial Institute The Boston Edison Foundation Cabot Corporation Foundation, Inc. Carolina Power & Light Company Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc.
Consumers Power Company Coming Glass Works Foundation Duke Power Company Entergy Corporation (Middle South Electric Systems)
Exxon Corporation Florida Power & Light Company General Electric Foundation Gould Inc. Foundation Gulf States Utilities Company Idaho Power Company International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
Iowa Power and Light Company
Mr. and Mrs. Stanley H. Katz Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. McGraw-Edison Company Minnesota Power New Jersey Bell New York State Electric & Gas Corporation
North American Philips Corporation Philadelphia Electric Company Philips International B.V.
Public Service Electric and Gas Company RCA Corporation Robert Bosch GmbH Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation
San Diego Gas & Electric Savannah Electric and Power Company Schering-Plough Foundation Texas Utilities Company Thomas & Betts Corporation Thomson Grand Public Transamerica Delaval Inc. Westinghouse Educational Foundation Wisconsin Public Service Corporation
A Note on the Sources
The pages which have been filmed are the best copies available. Every technical effort possible has been made to ensure legibility.
PUBLICATION AND MICROFILM COPYING RESTRICTIONS
Reel duplication of the whole or of any part of this film is prohibited. In lieu of transcripts, however, enlarged photocopies of selected' items contained on these reels may be made in order to facilitate research.
1889. Electric Light - General (D-89-33)
This folder contains correspondence and other documents relating to electric lighting and power. Included are letters pertaining to the incandescent lamp, the alternating current controversy, and electrocution experiments conducted by Harold P. Brown, a New York electrical engineer. There are also documents concerning lamp tests conducted by the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad and by the Niagara River Hydraulic Tunnel Co., which was established to develop a hydroelectric power system in Buffalo, N.Y. Edison advised the company about the construction of central stations and about a direct-current distribution system. A series of lengthy memoranda written by Edison on this subject can be found near the end of the folder. There is also a satiric pamphlet relating to the patent litigation of the Edison Electric Light Co. Among the correspondents are H. Ward Leonard, an electrical engineer involved in lamp tests, and Edward D. Adams, president of the Cataract Construction Co. and a promoter of the Niagara Falls project.
Approximately 80 percent of the documents have been filmed. The following categories of documents have not been filmed: routine requests for information about electric lighting, electrocution, and Edison’s fiber search; letters of transmittal; other routine business correspondence; duplicate copies of selected documents. '
/ic* by H.W.L. LEONARD & JZARp/^ .1 I
Consulting ant) Contracting Electrical Engineers, (Up .1 ’
ROOM 42S, -THE RO^mf,. . (til \\
Mr. Thoms A. Edison, Orange, N.J.
B* & “• ^-oad Co. you will remember made a test upon the:Edison new: lamps not lons.sinoe. A life test upon Edison lamps, Sawyer-uann, United States & Perkins lamps took place a day or two since ,and thinking you my be interested in the various meas¬ urements of tie best lamps made by tie various oompanies to-day, 1 send you herewith data of this eharaeter. All this data applies to the condition of the lamps as they started out upon the life test. This life test will be continued until the positive position of the various u*. as regards superiorly , is is arrived at., if -there are any points in connection with the lamps „f various .ahers which y„a would lib. ,o have iuvestipated.l win tab. pleasure in sivins such mattor. attention. Ea.b ^ bas entered .It or more lamps.
Yours very truly,
Leonard & Izard.
’’C'WOSLH
[ENCLOSURE]
* Lif0 --St by C. L. & Cl. IV.’ Co. u roty-rding at beginning of •’
|
Pel;!.: |
||
|
1X0 |
100 |
|
|
Hated C. P. |
1C |
1C |
|
Average Horinontal C,p, |
15.2 |
15.0 |
|
Average Waits per C. "p. |
0.04 |
3.3 |
|
Highest C. P. |
10.9 |
17.3 |
|
Lowest C. P. |
ia.7 |
14.4 |
|
Least watts per C. P. |
3.20 |
3,03 |
|
Greatest watts per C. P. |
3. go |
3.02 |
|
Highest average reading at one point |
: 10,3 |
17,7 |
|
Lowest average reading at one. point. . |
12.9 |
12,7 |
|
Averagei reduction |
1.10 |
1.24 |
piy*®
)-
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C^i-O-L a^-<? -fet ^ia
EATON a LEWIS
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[FROM FRANK MCGOWAN?]
tty
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[FROM FRANK MCGOWAN?]
Mr. Brown's circular regarding the danger of alternating currents, which includes a copy of the Medico-Legal Society's report has been sent to the Mayors, members of city Governments, Insurance men and principle business men in every city and town of over 5,000 inhabitants in the United States. --
As a result, every mail brings him a pile of letters from all over the country asking for all sorts of information and ad¬ vice. These enquiries are followed up and in two or three dif¬ ferent towns he has been requested by the Mayor to visit them and make an examination of the existing plants, take electrical mea¬ surements with a view to determining leakage &c. and generally ad¬ vise them, in regard to the danger &c. He will of course accept these invitations, and he has all the instruments necessary ex-— cepting a Photometer to' me asure<a*& lights. ' He tel ls mo that you have- such an instrument and wants to know if you could spare it-- for a short time. I know that you will recognize the importance of this and if you cannot spare the apparatus which you have, can you advise iae where to go to get one?
ToT. A. Edison, Esq.
Orange , U. J. '
LEONARD Sl IEAED,
Consulting and Contracting Electrical Engineers,
L-R«O0Kt"Il?^'^.G0, bi6‘ by lumber exchange, m.nneapouI
. Chicago, Jan.23rd. , . /SS
~\
ter. Thomas A. fedison,
Orange, te.J.
Dear Sir1: — -
Am pleased to be able io report that our lamps, in the lif« test our malting much better showing than they have up to this date-. The drop in candle power seems to have stopped, we learn informally from- the expert conducing the test. Will give you positive informa¬ tion in the course Of a few days.
0-, OO-Z^y O
y(oalv
74//m
. ^O0 (!<•«.-> »• v. ..•/m...^.../
w. _ _ ^ Y ' 7 ,,
V ' LEONARD & IZAKD, $
k^HHSa*k, * Consulting and Contracting Electrical Engineers. JsSSE,,. ' ' ■
' THn^o»°«K^ 7"™^™°°' EiC. by H.W.L. LUMBER EXCHANGE, MINNEAPOLIS.
reply to ::::: Y -Y Chicago , Jan.29 th*. ,/88 9.
<&***- S~/^ jo,
Mr. Thomas A. Edison,.
Orange, N.J.
Dear Sir: —
Beg to submit the following tabulated data regarding the condition of the life test being made by the C. B. & Q..iRy«Cp!r y Yours very truly,
tC
YY^Y|| YY
[ENCLOSURE]
X*
Lamp Life Test, C. B. & a. Ry. Co.
Jan. 28 th. ,1889-
|
Make |
New |
115 hrs. |
200 hrs. |
No. of Lps at beginn¬ ing. |
Breakage after 200 hrs. |
||
|
Edison (110) |
C.P. |
15.2 |
[12.7 |
12.5 |
10.9 |
15 |
2 |
|
1 st. lot |
C.H.P. |
211 |
178 |
T76 - |
TSB |
||
|
Edison (100) |
C. P. |
15.8 |
13.2 |
12.7 |
10.8 |
15 |
2 |
|
2 nd. lot |
C.H.P. |
226 |
199 |
T92 - |
"T66 |
||
|
United States |
C. P. |
22.1 |
20.8 |
18.1 |
14.2 |
- lfc |
6 |
|
1 st. lot (110) |
C.H.P. |
221 |
f204 |
180 |
T43^ |
||
|
U. S. (108) |
C. P. |
_ 14LJL |
15.6 |
13.2 |
10 |
0 |
|
|
2 nd. lot |
C.H.P. |
172 |
176 |
152 |
|||
|
Sawyer-Mann (107) |
C. P. |
22.2 |
22.9 |
22.0 |
18.4 |
15 |
1 |
|
C.H.P. |
207 |
213 |
204 |
175 |
|||
|
Perkins (110) |
C. P. |
-11.7. |
13.7 |
13.7 |
12.4 |
15 |
l — |
|
1 st. lot |
C.H.P. |
160 |
181 |
182 . |
164 |
||
|
Perkins ( no?.' 2 nd. lot |
slot Oj |
15 ju |
t rec’a. |
direol |
from t |
‘actory |
ifr. Upton has given me the batch of lamps which you sent out, and 1 shall endeavor to get them entered in the test at the C. B. & a. Mr. Upton suggests operating them at about’ 320 candles per electrical horse power. I will endeavor to place them in this way •unless you have some other desire. Mr. Pierce, the expert who is con¬ ducting the test, is thinking of making microscopical examination of the filaments of the various lamps, new and old. I told him- X thought a good deal of work had been done in this line, hut that I would find out from you in regard to the nutter and learn whether TO weul<£ he likely to lead to interesting Results. V/ill you kindly let- me know what has been done in this line, and what the p^eVis of: learning .anything thereby?
Yours very truly, .
IjJud.
*‘ '^*7
A - y <& e^L^
• — t^<- — /z^? .
C!e~^-^Ot£> &T>C<^ yC^Wx e.
^ A-t^t^, W^ — rx-^L^Lc**.^ ~Atca^t;- °U^ r£z /<Wy^, / .
^^><-<2-zCtT, /y^y <tc- ux^-S^}
^Lr^r(2^L^r-
th&t I have awulf witnessed the reduction in accordance woth one' oi the patents examined by Mr. Kennelly of a potential of 1000
volts down to less than 50 volts, and the lighting of incandescent lamps by the induced c undent which apparently was as steady as the usual alternating currents used for lighting.
Mr. Kennelly1^ assertion that 1, he ihvention has no basis in theory of practice served to demonstrate the complete novelty of the invention.
Orange, N. J. .!
My Dear Mr • Edison, J have frequent occasion to test arc lights in behalf of city authorities who hayfe contracted for them as Itghts of 2,000 candle power j and -j these are not always satisfied wtth measurements of the f volts and amperes of the curre?it. As l always leave the. mayor and coundl pledged to a& ordinance prohibiting the i alternating current at higher E. M . F. than *300 volts , /' trust you will pardon my addressing you concerning the
i
practicability of a photometer for getting merely approx¬ imate measurements from the lamps as they appear in ser¬ vice. The only feature of novelty is that a pane of col¬ ored glass is setjfaii attgle midway between the angles Of Itght rays received from both sources; parallel with this \ is a sheet of ground glass, one half of Which is illumina¬ ted from each source . As the Itghts are thert of the same color, the distance of the standard light can be varied until the line of demarcation between the halves is lost.
By setting the bottom “c d« level and arranging the aper¬ tures so that angle "bfaXKmust be of soy, 45 degrees {.for uiong arc« lamps) in order that the Itght from a shall strike the screen "fj1 the length of "hf may of course be
determined by measuring t7ie base of the triangle, I do not know whether the color £z tithe glass "e'will have unva¬
rying effect Upon the Hgfyt from; t7tm:ity^p^^r^S^6ur» ces and , if so, what the variation would be. It will
add greatly to my obligations to you if you can see that
. . (vi it i
i am set right tn the mattert and ^indicate some candle
or portable lamp to be used as a standard. ■
Sincere ly fours ,
Sketch inclosed,
I HK WKSriNGI-IOUSK BLIiCTRI.C COMPANY,
3PX'X"I’S33X3-3SCrrI3:,
-CIST OP CENTRAL STATIPNS, :.V
(ALTERNATE CURRENT SYSTEM.) ' ■
This list comprises Central Stations only, and does not include any isolated plant
74 Albany, N. 7". - ■' A 20' Allegheny City, Pa.
'■ 00 Alloohdi Pit.
100 Annapolis, MU,, - '■ 78' 'Aspen, Col'. ‘ -
04 Aurora, 'Ills'.
1 738 \ Austin) 'Tex'.
■ ■70 * Baltimore , Mil. '-44' Bath, Me.' -
120 “• xBcei/ficcl Neb; -
7110 ' 'Beaver Falls, Pa. ■21' Beaver liaih, Wis.
40 Bennington, VI. -
104 Black Hawk , Co l. 120' BinghnmtbufN. 7'.
105 ‘Bboueville: Mo:,
71 Brailtlock, Pa. -
121 Bristol. Pa, -
73 Buffalo, I i'i/o. Ter. 128 Burlington', > I 7.
'2' 'Gdrbinuldl'c, Pa.
■'SO ‘Cedar Bit, pids, la. •“27' ’>'CJUirlesiodfW. Va. 37 Chattanooga, Tenn.
A. 02 ''Clncagoinis. '■ 7120 'Clinton, Hi; " '■'31 ‘ Colorado tS/irlr,
■84 ’ ColitniliusfOhio, - '■'■’35 Conshohocken, Pa. •
'■MO ' ' Cbuiieil Bluffs, Iowa, 32 Weaver . Col; -
111 Wd'iiihmgtoivh, Pa. ' '■08 Waliitli, Minn. - '■:'12 \mi'std)i, Md. : '- \"90 'lidri Claire, Wis. -•
05 Elizabeth, N. J. - 98 Englewood, Ills.
113 ''Evansville find. - V$2 XFtmi vMdtiE' - -
Fort Edward, N: T.
Mtbm)-Neby\' - 'ammai
i won; Tex. -
1300
1300
1st increase, '1300
5000
"050
1st increase, "050
' 050
'1st increase, ' 050 050
• ' '' 400
1st iiicredse, 2d increase,
The Albany Electric Illuminating Co. Allegheny County Light (Jo. '
Mountain City 'Electric Lights Heat ,j-'Power Co. Annapolis Electric. Light Co.
Boaring Fork E/celne Light $■ Power Co. Aurora Electric Light ,7 Power Co.
' Ansliti Water, Light' % Power Co.
'The 'Brush, Electric Co.) of Ballnnore City, Mil.
'■ 'Bath Electric Light- ',j- Power Co. '
' • mill rice 'FJitefri6-TJ(tht\'C6. '•
■ Braver Valley HleeMe Light $ Power Co.
'' Beaver Bdni JBeetrfd'IJg'hF Co. ' ' • '
Bennington Electric Light ,?• Power Co.
Stearns, Bogcr <)'■ Co.
Binghamton ' (las ff: Electric Co. 1 Bonneville ElerMe '. Light ,7 'Power Co.
Citizens Electric Light Co.
The Bristol Electric Light ,7 Bower Co.
■Buffalo Electric Light' $''PoweryCa.
Geo. T. Beck.
'■Burlington 'Gas Light Co. ■'"'■■■ 1 \ \P' } Electric Light, Heal #■ Power Co.
' Cedar Bapids Mccbi'-ic Light $ Power Co.
'‘ •Kanawha Electric 'Light' Co: ’
Chattanooga Electric Light Co.
'Consiimers Elect fie Light Cor v.*>- The Clinton, Electric Light; Heck'#' Power Co El \Paso 'Electric Co. ' . V. . . v >
‘Columbus Gas Light .j-'Coke Co. 'Conshiihoekch Meet rid Li <gld"ff 'Power Co.
Stormont Electric Light $ Power Co.
'Electric Light VJV Power Co. of Council Bluffs. Denver Light,- Heat <j- Power 'Co." • '
II. 3. .McFavldhf •■ '■ '■ '
' Duluth Electric Light: Power Co.
Edsion Electric Light Co.
Erin- Clidr Electric Light ff Poiver 'Co.y
Elizabeth Electric Light, Heat $■ Power Co. Englewood Electric Light Co.
'Evansville Gas 'and Electric Light Co.
■Peoples Electric 'Light' >7 \Powcr *Co. ' V' • Et, Edward- Electric Light 7 Power Co., Eintite WlPW5rlhElebtri6>LightvCo'.'\ ; ;
\F>-emont'GasyanH:El4kt?-ic light Co. V . ^GhihEHoille Eight'.'# 'Etl'dl Ob'. ° • “i'S
Brush Electric Light g Power Co. ,,. J
1 Greensburg, Pa. 117 Hagerstown, Md. 46 Halifax, JV. S. -
132 Hamilton, Ou t.
S Hartford, Conn.
132 Havana, Cuba,
14'1 Haywards, Cal.,
51 Hillsdale, Mich. - 72 Hoboken, JV. J. - 106 Hoosae Falls, JV. T. 61 Hot Springs, Ark.
77 Houston, Tex.
114 Joilet, Ills. ■ - '
181 Juiz de Fora, Brazil , 47 Junction City, Kan. 137 Kansas City, Mo., - 63 Kingston, Ont.
40 Lincoln, JVcb.
97 Little Book, Ark.
30 Littleton, JV. H. - 142 London, England., - 109 Mansfield, Ohio 105 Maquoketa, Iowa.
80 Marshall, Tex. - 99 Mendola, Ills.
36 Minneapolis, Minn. 116 Montgomery, Ala.
33 Morristown, JV. J.
39 JVashville, Tenn. -
85 JVewark, Ohio, - 79 JVew Bedford, Mass. -
57 JVew London, Conn. ■ 7 JVew Orleans, La.
139 JVew York, JV. Y., 110 JVorwieh, JV. Y.
91 Oakland, Cal. - 88 Olean, JV. Y.
58 Oneonta, JV. Y.
20 Ouray, Col.
115 Paducah, Ky. - - ■ 87 Palmer, Mass.
19 Parkersburg, W. Va.
92 Passaic, JV. J.
42 Peekskill, JV. 2".
18 Philadelphia, Pa.
108 Pine Bluff , Ark.
11 Pittsfield, Mass. -
9 Pittsburgh, Pa.
1st ii
750
62 Pittsburgh, (.East End.)
500
650
1st increase, 650 ■ 2d “ 1300
Sd “ 650
1500 500 650 1300 1300 650 650 650
S. A. 1500
650 3000 650 1950 650
1st increase, 650 650 10000 650 400
1st increase, 250 650 650 6500 1300 650
1st increase, 650 650
1st increase, 650 2d increase, 750 650 1300
1st increase, 650 2d “ 650
1300 1300
1st increase, 1300 2d " 2600
Sd “ 1300
10000 650 1800 650 650 650 400 650 1300
1st increase, 650 650 1300 1950 1300 1300
1st increase, 650 2d “ , 650 ...
1800
1st increase, 1800 . 2d “ 1800
3d “ 1300
4th “ 1300
5th 1300
6th “ 2600
7th " 2600
8th “. 2600
1300
1st increase, 2600 2d. “ . 200
3d 2850
The Peoples Electric Light Co. Hagerstown Electric Co. Cha.nd.ler Electric Co., Limited..
Hamilton Electric Light Co. Hartford Light <j- Power Co.
Spanish, -American Light and. Power Co.
S. L. Ingram.
Hillsdale Electric Light Co.
Hudson Electric Light Co.
Hoosae Falls Electric Light Co.
Hot Springs Electric Light Co.
The Houston Electric Light §• Power Co., of 1887 Joliet Electric Light Co.
Junction City Electric Light Co.
The Sperry Associate Electric Co.
Kingston Electric Light Co., Limited.
Lincoln 'Electric Light Co.
Little Hock Electric Light Co.
Littleton Water $■ Electrie Light Co.
The Metropolitan Electrie Supply Co., Limited. Richland Electric Light $ Power Co.
Barnes Brothers.
Phoenix Electric Light §■ Power Co.
Menclota Electric Light Co.
Minneapolis Electric Light Co.
Brush. Electric Light 8- Power Co.
Morristown Electric Light, Heat $■ Power Co.
JVashville Lighting 8' Poiver Co.
JVewark Electric Light §■ Power Co. JVew Bedford Gas Light Co.
JVew London Electrie Light Co. Louisiana Electrie Light §■ Power Co.
The Mt. Morris Electric Light (j- Power Co. JVorwieh Light 8' Poiver Co.
Oakland Gas Light- $■ Heat Co.
Olean Electric Light $■ Power Co.
Oneonta Electrie Light 8' Bower Co.
Ouray Electrie Light 8' Poiver Co.
Paducah Gas Light Co.
Palmer Electrie Co.
Parkersburg Electric Light 8 Power Co.
Passaic Electric Light, Heat 8' Power Co. Peekskill Electric. Light, 8' Power Co. Keystone Light 8' Power Co.
Pine Bluff Water 8‘ Light Co.
The Pittsfield Illuminating Co.
Allegheny County Light Co.
East End, Electric Light Co.
S!) Piltslon. Pa,.
15 Plainfield, JY. ,).
129 Plallsburg, JY. )'.
4$ Port Huron, Mich. SI Pork Jervis, JY. Y.
1-4 Portland, Me. - 184 Portland, Ore., - 118 Providence, It. 1.
107 Pueblo, Col.
112 Red, Cloud, Neb.
124 lied Wing, Minn.
S3 Riehft.eld Springs, A'. 22 Richmond, fa. -
127 Salem, A'\ J. - 70 Salem, Ohio.
52 Salina, Ran. - 54 Sail Antonio, Tex.
95 San Bernardino, Cal.
96 San Diego, Cal. - 75 Sandusky, Ohio.
10 Savannah, Ga. -
16 Schenectady, JY. Y. 59 Seivard, JYeb. - 18 Sheffield, Ala.
82 Shreveport, La.
98 Sing Sing, JY. T: 86 Sioux City, Iowa. 185 Slcowhegan, Me., - 24 Springfield, Mass.
50 Springfield, Ohio. 35 Stapleton, JY. Y.
34 Steubenville, Ohio.
60 Stillwater, Minn. 4S St. Cloud, Minn. 23 St. Louis, Mo.
66 St. Paul, Minn.
4 Tampa, Fla..
6 Torrington, Conn.
28 Trenton, A'. J.
133 Toronto, Ont. - 100 Troy, A'. 2".
67 Tyler, Tex.
125 Washington, Pa. 101 Wcyers Cave, Ya. - 5 Wheeling, T Y. Ya.
1300
2600
1st increase, 1300
650
650
650
3000
2000
1800
1st increase, 750 650 750
1'. 650
650
1st increase, 1300
- 2d “ 5000
500 650
1st increase, 650 650 650 1800 1800 1800 650
1st increase, 650
■ 2d “ 650
3d “ 650
2600
650
650
1st increase, 750 650 1800 650 500 1300
1st increase, 650
1950 650
1st increase, 650
2nd “ 650
■ 3d “ 1300
4th “ 1300
650
1st increase, 1300 650 650 12000 2600
1st increase, 1500 650 650
■ 1st increase, 650
3250
1st increase, 650 3000 1300 650
1st increase, 650 300
1st increase, 650 500 650 650
1st increase, 650
2d “ 650
650
Citizens Electric Illuminating Co.
The Plainfield Fieri ric Light Co.
P/al/sbnrg Electric Co.
Excelsior Electric. Co., of Port. Huron.
The Deer Park Electric. Light Co. Consolidated Electric Light Co.
Willa.in.ette. Falls Electric Co.
The A'drra ganse.lt Electric Lighting Co.
The Pueblo Light, Heat $ Power Co.
Red Cloud. Electric Light Co.
Red Wing Gas ,j- Electric Co.
Richfield Springs Electric Light $ Power Co. The. Virginia, Electric Light. $ Power Co.
Salem Electric Light Co.
Salem Electric Light %■ Power Co.
Electric Light <j- Power Co.
The Electric Light. Power Co., of San Bernardino. Geo. D. Copeland.
Sandusky Electric Light, Fuel-Gas $ Supply Co. Brush, Electric Light # Power Co.
Wcsti.ngh.ousc Illuminating Co.
Seward Electric Light cj- Power Co.
Sheffield. Electric Light. Works.
The Shreveport Incandescent Electric LUht Co Sing Sing Electric Light Co.
Sioux City Electric Co.
Weston cj Bigelow.
United Electric Light Co.
Champion Electric Light. Co.
Richmond Light, Heat §• Power Co., Limited.
Electric Light <j- Power Co.
Stillwater Gas $ Electric Light Co.
The St. Cloud Gas <j' Electric Co.
The .Missouri Electric Light <j- Power Co. St. Paul Gas Light Co.
Tampa Electric. Light 8' Power Co.
The Torrington Electric Light Co.
Peoples Electric Light Co.
Consumers Gas Co.
Troy Electric Light Co.
Tyler Electric Light <j- Power Co.
Home Electric Light 4- Steam Heating Co.
Washington Electric Light 4 Power Co. 'Die Grottoes of the Shenandoah.
The W heeling Electrical Co.
York Electric Co.
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^LEONARD & IZARD,
Consulting and Contracting Electrical Engineers.
THE ROOKERY, CHICAGO, DlO, by H.W.L,
LUMBER EXCHANGE, MINNEAPOLIS.
. Chicago, Peb...-05
yi/m
Mr. Thomas A. Edison,
Orange, N.J. . ^ t <
Dear Sir: —
Enclosed are facts as to the life test at the C. B. & a. up to a few days since. Six of the special lamps which you sent to us by Mr. .Upton were put in service at normal pressure as marked upon the lamp, and the average candles per electrical horse power^rei sW. 1 At the end of about fifty hours they hhd fallen off about ^cajidlW^^' none had broken and the economy was still higher than the initial, economy of the previously entered Edison lamps. Rush of very im- , ' . portant business has made it impossible for me to get very definite information for the last few' days, but will take an early opportunity . to furnish you more exact information. 1 enclose a pamphlet .which oc- ' : casioned considerable amusement at the M^tion^L Convention a few' days since and which emanates from Freeman. A take-off on the Edison ied ! book was also circulated, Johnson, being the subject of attack 5? that ■ 1
Yours very tr
1 enclosure.
m
%M I
-
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO.
My dear Mr. Kcnnally;-
•I enclose herewith copy of a letter which is self-explanatory. Hr. Brown thinks it possible that these gen- t lemon might, like to see one ok two animals killed on Wednesday °f this week and wants to know whether it would be convenient for you to allow him to conduct the experiments in the Laboratory, as heretofore, in case %h find it necessary. Mr. Brown will tele¬ graph you early Wednesday morning if it is necessary to make the experiment , and the bearer of this note. will arrange in Orange
tV'° animal3 in r0adinoss- I regret very much to
[ENCLOSURE]
' ' '! . ~"'”V .
STATE OP KEW YORK,
Office of the Superintendent, of State Prisons, /
ALBANY. ■ i
Dictated C. K. B. • to F. D. • j
Feb'y 20, 1889.- !
Mr. ■ Harold P. - Brown, i
SOI West 54th St,;
New York.-
Dear Sir:-'
Superintendent. Lathro p directs me to' say that, he and Dr. MacDonald, Warden Brush and myself will, he at. the Gils ey House New York, Wednesday morning, the 27th ins*t* to meet, you as agreed in his optimisation' with you yesterday.- He will, esteem it a favor if you will, notify such other parties as you deem, it, advisable for him to see. It is his pre’.jent. intention to spend Wednesday and Thursday in looking into the matter o/ machinery and appliances for executing criminals by elec.trio.ity. A/ter having' in/ormed himself /tally he desires to; make a opntrao.t for the furnishing of these appliances with the guarantee on- the part, of thb party uiho- furnishes that the plant, shall, perfect^ j ly per/orm. its work, ■ Will, you kindly in/orm.me here where and at what hour j Wednesday morning’ we oatr mpet. you. • j
Yours respectfully,
[Signed] Charles K. • Baker, j
Private Secretary.
The Superintendent of States. Prisons has asked Mr. Brown to make some experiments for him at the expense of the State, next Tuesday, the 12th inst. I have been trying for the past week to buy, borrow or steal a Westinghouse dynamo but have been unsuccessful. I am afraid therefore that we shall have to trespass again upon your good nature, but the question is whether it would be possible to remind your Siemens alternating dynamo so -that we can get at least 1000 volts? Wo will of course pay any expense connected with the reminding of the dynamo but I would like very much to know by telephone tomorrow whether it can be done without causing anyone serious inconvenience?
fitLefo,
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^AROLD P. *91
9^9
| L,™p»oTrcT,™Am».TV.ro»A».b0„rD™.-oA M CtTCh 17 , I38Q. ~~~^/-
My Dear Mr. Edison ,
Early last month I visited Scranton as an expert for the city to determine whether the arc lights were up to contract requirements and to formulate means of making their many overhead wires safe. I inclose a copy of my report and have marked my recommendations. I found that the Brush local company were preparing to put in an alter¬ nating current system and therefore have laid great stress upon the necessity of adopting an ordinance pro¬ hibiting this current at a higher pressure than >3oo voitst Of course they have raised a great outcry and -^zre attack - ing me, endeavoring to discredit my ab i li’t^H^^^nc l osd letter from Mayor Ripple will explain its^^^^^you can. conscientiously send me a line or two which I can show to Mayor Ripple, I shd, l be able to add Scranton to the list of cities whicbt have shut out the high tension alterna¬ ting current which is unsuiied for commercial lighting.
Ihe local Edison manager , the telephone and telgraph supts., and the Sprague R.R. people have approved my rec¬ ommendations, but the Brush people have set their hearts upon getting in the executioner's current.
Sincerely Yours,
LvUttr ^ -
_ (f Xr«/ U«Auiv( tz^zl
. ^*<4' u“~*i
\ ^ l*>«3'U'TC|luO,ie.
»
As the Westinghouse Electric Co. are making strenuous efforts to introduce their apparatus, and are urging in its favor its 1 'economy1 1 as well as its •' 'safety, * 1 and &s I am frequently consulted on the sub¬ ject, I felt authorized to address to Mr. Westinghouse, on the 4th of April, a registered letter, a copy of which I enclose, giving him a fair . opportunity to have his remarkable claims demonstrated at my expense.
The official receipt for the letter has long since reached me, but there has been no reply. You will remember that Mr. Westinghouse and his experts pronounced this current "safe11 and “harmless,” and that they have violenty attacked the writer for maintaining and proving that it was dangerous. As a result of my work, the New York State author¬ ities, after a long and thorough investigation, have purchased foj- electrical execution three Westinghouse alternating current dynamos, built for electric lighting. Having thus proved my point as far as the danger of the apparatus is concerned, I am anxious to have its commer¬ cial value definitely settled by the proposed test. I would therefore be glad to receive from you any suggestions concerning methods, or any results of your experience with the alternating current that you may care to place at my disposal. In return I shall take pleasure in sending you copy of report of the tests when completed.
[ENCLOSURE]
Geo. Westinghouse, Jr. ,
President Westinghouse Electric Co. , Pittsburgh Pa
Dear Sir: The public admission made at Harailton by Mr. Stlu_
Z W y°Ur;hleCtriCian' that he * — of at least three men killed by the Westinghouse alternating current which you have pronounced safe and the adoption of the same current by the State of New York for electrical executions, are sufficient reasons for your failure to accept
ZZTn fnge r °eC' 18> 1888-' 1 then°ffe-d *«■ ta'ce the. continuous current from hand to hand to prove whafyou deny, if you would take the alternating current at the same pressure and for the same number of' seconds. You did not dare to risk your life to prove the sincerity of your statements concerning the safety of the Westinghouse alternating current. Will you now dare to risk your money to substantiate your claims as to the efficiency of the Westinghouse alternating current ■ system ?
If so, I hereby give you an opportunity to sell another electric- * Statl°n (With 650 lan)Ps of 16-candla Power each), and obtain an extensive advertisement at my expense.
You have asserted for many months, both by representations of yourself and agents and by authorized advertisements in electrical and other papers (see enclosed from the Electrical World), thaK ' ' 50 per
r: TVT fr°m a filVen eXpendltUre °f P°wr is' guaranteed
by the Westinghouse Electric Company than can be obtained by any con¬ tinuous (‘‘direct* ’) current system.
If it is possible to convert force from one form into another and*.-,, ga n 50 per cent, in the operation, your company has made the most won® ‘i fu discovery of modern times, which, carried to its logical conclufe^ will give us perpetual motion by a series of coymn^fcns from high To' low tension or the reverse*
To substantiate this remarkable claim, I challenge you to send a complete 650-light Westinghouse alternating-current plant with not less than thirty converters, to the. Electrical Testing Bureau of the Johns Hopkins University, to be there installed by your own experts and left
[ENCLOSURE]
for a three-months ' 'test. I „1U send . pl^^I^h.lL, oapaclt.'of^ _ 8ChUJ1"' J*™' » continuous-current >
cr Tu ““ “■
cmci.no, and lit, of lmp, ^ <“'“•‘•'1 the
load u-n ip . „ p • nd ef fluency of converters under full
open’ The" ^ & S1”file ^ °" ^ ConV6rter and with secondaries
ou lanps „Tt T TS STled t0 ^ Standard and burned-
Zo “ to 7 "6 IePlaCed- At the end 0f the tests the Bureau's
reports^ be published, and if the Westinghcuse alternating system per cent, more light from the same expenditure of power or roves to e that much more economical in running expenses,, then’ I will
at list — pf t6StS °f b°th aPParat,is and wil1 Purchase your plant list price to present to the University.
If your apparatus. fails to give 50 per cent, more light from the
nor6 UrS °f P°Wer' ^ y°U are tQ P£* a11 °f the Its
D ,7aratUS' ^ tQ pUrcha^ the continuous-current apparatus supplied by me at list price and present same to the University.
system ardue tT th^ ^ advantages . o f the Westinghouse
sive a sale and ZlV ^ «*«. ^ich has so exten-
and is so highly recommended by y0Ur company, you can use it
7 r d\St’uand 1 WlU arrange t0 °Perate afiainst.it some one of the standard high-speed, automatic cut-off engines.
If my challenge is accepted each apparatus is to have one expert in attendance, but he; is not to be permitted to interfere with machine " in any way or t^tgke part in any of the tests. machinery
are d ^ ** * rea-nable time, and
lar' ‘° haVe thS ValUe °f the Westinghouse Electric Company's
jrantees publicly established, I shall feel at liberty to personally "Y /°ur apparatus to the Bureau for an efficiency test and shall fch their report.
Electrical Engineer,
45 & 47 Wall St.
.AROLD P. BROWN,
0Ec^PPARATUB r°”
°Ww I • Kc-*-‘ "" 1
c.C-.
hr" ~S
May 13, 1889.4^ ^ n^'
My Dear Mr. Edison,
y-t>""/\ iX-0 — a o*
Thanks to your note to Mr. Johnson iSiave ho e i^sCWe to
6s* U
C^>
1
satisfactorily; have supplied,.tdig^&ifS/te with
LJ-^r maA- ■"
tion dynamos and arranged for a te< of the For a long time^ I have fej^t surejthat
arrange the matte V/e s t inghou se execution system at Johns Hopki;
there was a "condenser action" between the conductors of ajaJ&.l- ternating current system and the moisiMre or conductive cover¬ ing on the outside of the insulation of same, that would con¬ stantly tend to discharge to the ground when possible and might draw the current in its path; that it would also result in aJir_ loss of energy in an extended system. Dr. Duncan did not at first agree vvith me but he has come around to my position and the two deaths recorded in inclosed dipping are frightful ver¬ ifications of my theory. I wish in the Baltimore test to es¬ tablish at least approximately, what this loss of energy will be and would be glad to have you suggest the best method of dor ing so. I have known of a series of five 50 volt lamps being run up to c.p. when placed between one terminal of a Y/. dynamo and the lead covering of an insulated cable attached to the other terminal; also of two men being unable to release them¬ selves after taking hold of two lead covered cables (2,500 volt alt. current) until dynamo was stopped Sincerely Yours
EATON S, LEWIS
^/'(EQUITABLE BUILDING)
' ■yl/ClV _ $B*M’ Sat, _ /JcfM*
* mm $**&%&*
J- ****** Hitttr *r imniryfre* *he-*&*tor «f ’Hatet «nft
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%*!Ǥǣ$##,. HSpWM*4RMt *11 open to the me
' 3 *y****rn ■•» «$**«* wot** te *fgnify the act of ehecutlqn hy ele«tri»*ty# 4&ft t*mh**#ith th* lit* inth* tewdtthtion, The thnhfefttttf* **#i* flfle** ■** fiftt* '*!Sih:'telth* Oeming from the Katin *g*& hht it tUfte* **#■ it the *$gf£fie*tian «f death dnly> that 11 *ith m «*e« involved to it ot
i-thinh thetowajnotlen of « ewqWnnd word, ««*»«* tith the funpoie of atgnifying the idea $» mmtm, efaouid pi*pe*i* «» ***** f*|* * * eSfc, «n «ctir« aorh* . ■
; Ztt***ia Wynm&t* t* objectionable upon the additional tie drthmde, rtrht, that ******* ** partly «f Greek end pertly or Mtin, danelde being the 8reeh for ‘paper* »r •fore#*, mt.
**ort* being, ee I here laid, frme the Satin for death; end aeeond- ly, that there la no auggeetlon in it, of death from any particular
** f6roe’ btat ***? t*0* for«e* *iyh#fcrt* *ptq,d ejfehejj* dQiith fro* nhy violent &£££«
tlo-se condition* in vifir, $&$$$> tfprmed <g;>f$gjg
**m m mm mmm m the mm *m ** m mm
mm& mmmmmmm mwm*^ itmmmm-
ne***y $th* #b;t 0$ teiHing by 'igflitiiBlM it *»* it*
m mp •$» m» nm$# , mm*
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mmmm th*t m «*.
j99t tf* m+rm> *14** in the <propp*ed wprjt the y«*b dbes not bare to ®xpi'*bried 6bJ e6< W** th« precise represents.- the means *f **«*!*. pliahing the reiult.
• She *1***- #bf®**t ioh*v. bofeter, end I otter them 'only fan yea* consideration, . . . A
****** is gne other *ora *t*eh I thin*. ia*a#r the eiren*. stances, might be used *ith Borne propriety, . ,j* c«n be u**d as «’ verb dhd m * nbnn t* egress kindred ideas, ■ She m$ if ****** inShonee^. *a »estlhgh«*e> 4yh*** 4s. going *# be u#id far the purposed- executing *rimift*le, «ir not g*ye him- the benefit of this feet in the minds of the pbblic, and apeak hereafter of * eriminel as being •weetinghouaed*. or as being "-condemned to be
westinghouaed": or, to use the now, am** Say that *uch *nd such a **n ns condoled . wcBtinahdute.. it he a subtle compliment tq the public aervi?es of thie distlnguiahfd man.
There ia a precedent for It, too, one that eould not be rffre apt or author4tatlve:. fe speajc of a criminal in .Trance m hefh^ guil*. lotined,. or condemned to the guillotine. -Bach time, that wo„* i. ' used it .tends, to perpetuate the memory and services; df| tine, m afterwards died by the aa#e machine, that he had invented. The adoption Of the *pW. Weft inghous.fr for « li*e furp«a^^l go far towards rebutting the clfdm that Hepubiie* are leaf ‘grateful -
than Bmpirea .
Tours very
near Mr. Tate:
'' «„+„ ^ „ . Closed pleaae find the letter frcm "American
el ec t r ie i t v U er 1 t S>! ^ the neff word for lotting to dfath by forth in Mn' T • f V® SOne lnt0 the matter more fully than set forth in Mr. lewis1 recent.*! y let ter. The Greek a
exact equivalent is "electrothanatos", or "eleetrothanasia". S 6 Their precise- moaning is, death by electricity.
, „ T +- °n t^e whole "electricide" is the best word. There
Putt i tLTd "el ectrum" derived .from the Greek word "elektron". Putting the two Latin .words together. to wit net t n . ’
+h JCl+i’We<S'et ,electrioide» death by electricity. It *eems to°me that this is the word most likely to go into popular use.
X have suggested to Mr. Lewis to put a men. in ?rmo
La%eLa"s2"tritMnTOfdS;ynorP;:oS.ibly ** may “ *»*""*«
June Gth.,1889.
Very truly yours,
S.B. Eaton per C«
. . JtZiI
Jo 1
^ JU^J" ft^OCA Co la^U<^C fly? t, <2 < <*++.
/'f-MLtft-l. j4tjW £>oc-<- tstJZc&ji
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— bpl- ■ , _ _ ,: _ _
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. .. P*C^^VVW/VVV. . . /W\jpL* _ jv^VVWvy _ _ _ _
Brewster, H. Y. Aur . is, lggg
V/m. B. Rankino, Esq.,
D*ar sir:-
I respectfully submit to you an estimate specifi¬ cation and a cross-section for the main tunnel, also approximate estimates for one hundred feet of canal cross tunnels &c . with assumed plans for same .
I have given more att aition to the tunnel specification than anything else, and think you will find that they cover any and every thing that is likely to happen in constructing the tunnel. Upon consideration of the trouble which might be caused, owing to a lack of items and prices in the specifications, I have made them so as to include masonry and timbering. Of course in the rock at Niagara it ib highly improbable that any place in the tunnel will be found which will require permanent supports, but if such should be the case the specifications will cover everything, and as I have given the Engineer the whole power to order such timber and masonry, as he may deem necessary to furnish all plans and t o di- roct the construction of the same, should any bed ground be found the Company will have the entire control.
The prices I have given in the estimate for the tunnel 1 consider after careful investigation to be very fair, and have no doubt that. the contract could be let for much less .
Tho area of the cross- section for the tunnel corresponds practically with tho area of a circle twenty-four feet in diameter and I consider it. to have many advantages over a circular section m regard to the construction, and flail of water.
The estimates and plans for the canal cross tunnels &o. are simply approximations, and nothing definite can be arrived at until the Company has in its possession, first, a complete ground Plan showing the land, the bott an of the river to a depth of nine feet below the surface of the water, the location of the main tun¬ nel with reference to the original surface, and the boundaries of the land taken by the Company, also, some idea of how far the rock lies below the surface of the ground and water; and, second, a definite plan of the manner in which the Company wish the power developed and distributed, the number of wheel pits and the depth fdr the wheels.
I would say further that it is with groat hesitation that I make any estimates or plans for the Canal, cross tunnels and work connected therewith, owing to a lack of the information I have stated above. The canal shown on the plan, is sufficiently large to adwit of vessels and canal boats, and to furnish the ten thousand horse power required under ordinary circumstances, and I
have planned the same as to dimensions and strength of sides si to admit of shipping facilities.
I am,
Very truly yours ,
[ENCLOSURE]
Approximate estimate for canal cross tunnel &c.
Joo tr Yoe-'O Yr-f
Earth excavation for canal per 100 feet
•a-
Rock « » u
Earth fill inn, " »•
Side walls , . » »
Cpping on 3ide walls, M.„
Excavation of cross tunnel, "
Estimated cost of coffer dam, Estimated cost of bulkheads Approximate cost for one wheel pit. Approximate " of inlet
* ■ * outlet
$6130.00 1,200 .00 60.00 3,400.00 1,000 .00 1,700.00 6,000.00 3,000 .00 7,000 .00 1,000 .00 300 .00
[ENCLOSURE]
Estimate for one and one-tenth miles of main tunnel .
ITEMS
Excavation in open trench Tunn el e xc a vat i on
3/
Shaft excavation
Estimated allowance for over-haul
Estimated allowance for masonry at portal and shafts
QUANTITIES PRICE AMOUNT TOTAL
20000 cu .yds 7-?100 15,000 97422 » $55o(oo 585821
450 linear
ft. 100. 45000
5000
10000
$610,821
NOTE: All quantities and dimensions
vation, are merely approximate.
ept for tunnel exca-
[ENCLOSURE]
APPROXIMATE ESTIMATE
Main Tunnel , Cross Tunnel, Outlets, Wheel pits Canals et*., for supplying 36000 Horse Power.
Areas
& Dimensions length Cu.Tt. Cu.Yds. Price Amount Tota]
Main Tunnel Portal Shafts etc Excavation Open Trench
72 x E
) 150 540000 20000 $ .75
Main Tunnel
24’ Diam 452.4 6605 2988102 110670 5.50
Tto Shafts 10 x 20
300 linear feet a. $100 pr.ft.
Estimated allowance for overhaul
Estimated allowance for masonry portal and shafts.
Cross Tunnel
17' Diam 227 100 22700 841 6.00 10'to 17'-152.7 380 58026 2149 6.00
Outlet from Pits to Cross Tunnel 8' Diqan 50.3 25 1257 46 6.00
Total .?? 276 x 18 - Wheel Pits
113 Lineal ft .a. $125 per lineal ft. Total - 14125 x 18 -
Walls at Wheel PitB
5 x 14 70 110 7700 285 8.00
Total - 2280 x 18 -
30000
5000
10000 $
5046
12804
41,040
[ENCLOSURE]
Excavation for Inlet Pipes
18 x 17 - 806 12 3672 136 1.00
Total - 136 x 18
Canal Excavation
70 x 20 1400 600 840000 31111 1.00
Excavation in River .Estimated 700 200 140000 5185 4.00
Masonry Walla
7 x 18 126 1240 156240 5787 8.00
Estimated Cost of Masonry at River Estimated Cost of Coffee dam Earth Refilling
18 x 13 - 234 600 140400 5200 .25
Total Cost Canal Cost of second Canal
Total cost of 36000 H.P. without wheels,
136
31111
20740
46296
5000
8000
124,147
124,147 $1, 237, 525
THE WESTERW PWIOM TELEGRAPH COMPANY,
ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT-AQUEDUCT COMMISSIONERS. ^fKtfsion No. 6.
Brewster, N. Y . . ...3. .*/*/... 188.^
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[ENCLOSURE]
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)IRECT UNITED STATES c'AB LE COMPANY, LIMITE^f PARIS TO NEW YORK TELEGRAPH COMPANY, y>:
WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY. ■ M
■) 2-/-£ tC^Djrect Communication with the United States of America by Eight Cables.
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PLEASE HAND YOUR REPLY DIRECT TO THIS OFFICE.
DANGERS
ELECTRIC LIGHTING.
A REPLY TTO Mr. EDISON.
- Compliments of the Author.
one hundred volts when you were challenged to.”
“That’s enough! That's enough, sir ! Don’t you say another word on that subject ! It’s perfectly unchristian to doubt another man’s word, especially when that other man's ME. And its simply heathenish to challenge him to prove what he says! Why, if I had to prove every¬ thing I said, I would have to go out of business. Those Edison people need not brag. They killed a man this fall!”
“What! I had not heard of that."
nelly
The Westringhouse Electric. Co.,
PITTSBURGH, PA.
Manufacturers under Patents and Applications for Patents control- ratns aSdDUwiniuSI SystM™aU“S Currc,,t Electric lighting Appu- is demonstrated bcvoiid uVcstion C""'e”t syslcul of Electric Lighting
. acting u"total gencuatitnt 'cariaeity Sr^oX^xte^SS
.
IMPROVED LAMPS.
Jf b£J!^ iUi thC rVanrSCtU*'
exclusive benefit of the m rs 01 apparatus furnished by the Westnughouse Electric Company, this company will ' fro'J', ,ta “PWmt'is and lamps 50 par cent, more light from a given expenditure of power (fuel) than ran he obtained with any direct current system:
ALTERNATING CURRENT METERS.
SlTvC.?/nl'i,UL^"'„l:,!l;. ’Erectly in 7'unp' houra nSd indh
local conditions * J, S n,ctcr* 11 IS not a®»ted by temperature or
^ .^ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTORS.
SMALL MOTORS FOR USE ON EXISTING ALTERNAT- . ING CIRCUITS OF THIS COMPANY;
(Frith, the Hleetrlcnl World, p. xlll. December ^isssj
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New York, 16th. October, 1889.
Orange,
Dear Mr. Edison?-
Jersey. ’ ' _ ^
|>A <*-**"'
end you by this mail copy of a map of the City of
Buffal^that may be of use in connection with your study of the i Falls project. ^
I learn from the local agent of the Hartford Boiler In¬ surance Company in Buffalo that they estimate the total horse power used daily in that city as between 60,000 and 75,000. Jfearly accurate figures can be procured in about a week’s time and at some expense if the estimated statement is not sufficient. Coming from this authority and based upon the business that they do and ythat which they would like to do, I think we may assume it is fair- r correct .
In the town of Tonawanda, I am reliably informed, that
3,000 horse power is used by the wood-working establishments alone, 250 for the lighting of the town and not less than 35,000 up to a maximum of 50,000 for all the manufacturing purposes. The gen¬ tlemen in control of the wood-working establishments are those who have offered to take power for themselves and light and power for their electric Company.
The following distances are furnished me by those who know, as those which would be available as av.rdute .^or rright of
Thomas A. Edison, 2:
way between Niagara Palls and Buffalo:
Tunnel lands at Niagara Palls to center of the town of
Tonawanda, 9 l-s.miiles
Tunnel lands to northern city limits of Buffalo 13 2-3 miles Tunnel lands to City Hall, Buffalo, 19 1-6 miles.
The City Hall is located one mile beyond the manufacturing center of the City.
I telegraphed you a few days since that the engineers, Messrs Evershed and Porter, are within call and I can arrange for them to meet you at any time and place you may select, for such ex¬ planations as you may wish from them as to the details of their proj ect.
In considering this business, I do not know that I suf¬ ficiently expressed my idea upon it in our brief interview the other day, and therefore recur to it now. I look upon the enter¬ prise first as a project to furnish power by electrical means in the iirmediate vicinity of the town of Niagara Palls. A compar¬ atively small amount of light would also be consumed there. That if the project upon this basis will return a fair rate of interest upon the capital invested, we can safely engage in the business, trusting to development under good management for the larger re¬ sults to be expected. As one of the means of obtaining large
profits, we.. look, ’ first: to the supply of light to Tonawanda and Buffalo; second: to the supply of power to those places.
Thomas A. Edison, 3!
Professor Rowland writes me that he has, in the prepara¬ tion of his report, written to each of the various electric light companies for special information upon the subject. If there is any information that I can gather for you through my assistants^ shall be happy to do so, and if you think best at any time I will make an appointment v/ith you some evening for further discussion of
Sincerely yours.
the matter,
— 0-n^'
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THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY.
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My D$ar Mr. Edison, As requested I send you herewith a list of the deaths from electric lighting which have been brought to my notice through newspapers, correspondence etc. As such accidents in the past have been hushed up I feel that my list represents little more than haLf the total number. I have enough, however, to show that the advent of the alternating curront during the past two years has greatly increased the death rate. The total deaths in 1886 were but 10; in 1887, 19; in 1888, 42 and the rate so far this year will shove a corresponding increase. I have se¬ cured a list of all the building lighted with the alternating cur¬ rent apparatus in this city and will be able^as soon as the sta¬ tions start up after the injunction matter is decided, to indicate just where interesting tests for leakage can be made on a wet
[ENCLOSURE]
" “T“!,'“A,"'*R"",ro“A",,Lj“HT0'"«“*- o /yyJL
Deaths from Electric Lighting since July I, 1883.
A
Columbus , 0, Wm. Fraas, cleric ktlled by touching a
grounded pulsating circuit while on side¬ walk , July a , 1883.
Buffalo , N. Y. Lemuel W. Smith , killed by touching the brushes at Brush station , Aug. 8 , 1881.
" « Hugh P. Ferry , lineman , killed by alter¬
nating current , Sept, s, 1883.
Phtla. , Pa. Lineman T. & H. Co. by touching grounded circuit while standing in street.
San Francisco , Workman in iron worksuho touched grounded Brush circuit. ( These two from Hr. El - brtdge T. Gerry's report.)
New Orleans, La.Jas. Dixon , employee Loutsana E.L.Co.
killed by alternating current July 17, 83
Wichita, Kan. Ernest Condwick , child killed by dangling wire over T. & H. street car Itne on Julyss, 1883.
Pueblo, Col . Jacob Kurmnerle , fruit dealer , killed on
sidewalk by touching incandescent lamp of Heisler alternating current system , on Aug. S3, 1333.
St. Louts , Ho. Henry Goodyear, telephone itneman, ktlled by Wes tinghouse alternating current on Aug. 31, 1883.
Houston, Tex. Wm. Hanson, clerk, ktlled on sidewalk by alternating current wtre , Sept. £, 1883.
Wes tfteld, Hass. Jas. Nelson, ftreman , ktlled by pulsa¬ ting current vhtle standing on ground Sept. 4, 1888. ' s
Washington, D.C. John P. Martn, telephone employee, ktlled by pulsating or alternating on Sept. Is, 1883.
New York Ctty. V. A. Henry, Supt. East Rtver Co. ktlled by alternating current Sept. 3, 1883.
" * Gutseppe Uazza, fruit dealer, killed by
alternating current from V.S. station on Sept. 1 4, 1888.
* “ " John Lineman V.S. Co. ktlled by al -
ternmtng currentSept . si, 1 8 as.
"Hu jas. Powers, Itneman Brush Co. ktlled on Sept. Is, 1833.
1,1,11 Chas. Erdmann, ktlled by alt. cr. Oct. 8 H
” John s' Peeks, ktlled by alt. cr. Oct.y IS ft,
QML&/T m fictyji $2 ^ - t
New York, 32nd. October, 1880.
Thomas A. Edison, Esq.
Orange, New Jersey,
Sty -dear iMr. Edison: -
X send you tonigit, by express, a statement from the New York World of Sunday last respecting the two Tonawandas; reports ^on the Water Power of the U.S., being statistics of power and ma¬ chinery employed in manufactures, by Professor W.P. Trowbridge, pre¬ pared under the direction of Supt. Francis A. Walker; statistics of the Trade and Comneroe of Buffalo comprised in the annual report of the Buffalo Merchants Exchange, and Sketch of the Commerce, In¬ dustries and Resources of Buffalo*
X shall move as rapidly as possible to furnish you with all the information you ask for. The Engineers have been in¬ structed to prepare whatever you require with the least possible delay*
Very truly yours.
'-s^j-zzL'-n _ _ ,
rod? "
'“the western union telegraph company.
Oct. 23rd, 1339.
Hon. Don.H. Dickinson,
Esteemed Friend
* * y r ~r ^ -y
Tho facts are as follows
. We“ba vb several circuits of over twenty five (25) miles in
length and at times in fact, run over frequently. We have coupl- -^ed,Ntwo:;{2) circuits together, thus carrying the current through , fifty (50) to sixty (30 ) miles of wire. None of this wire was ^dVe^number six (3) in size and much of it was number eight (8). fe:JlB* nin eleotrio m^ors, arc lights and incandescent lights all;on|ebe same circuit and do so regularly. As to loss of lights of long lines, we have many long circuits and on some of the long¬ est of them we frequently run full sixty five (35) two thousand (2000 ) candle power lights. That is the full quota of lanps for the machine.
This is the substance of what Hr. Leggett, President of the Hrush Electric Light Oo. said to Mr. Ely recently and which is doubtless the foundation of the inquiry, aB Mr. Leggett informs me. Very truly yours,
James. L. Edson
Francis Lynde Stetson, Esq., New York City.
Dear Sir:-
Niagara Falls, JJ. Y.
October 24, 1880.
Your letter of 22d received and the data desired will be irrmediately procured and forwarded to Mr. Adams.
It may be of interest to state that at an interview to¬ day in Buffalo with Mr. Adams, Vice Prest. of the Brush Electric Go., he gave me the following info relation
1st. The present use of power by the several Electric Co's, is as follows
BruBh Co., 900 to 1000 h.p.
Thomson-Houston Co., 500 "
United States Co., 250 "
2d. He estimates SriOOO to 50,000 h.p. as the total in gener- eral use in the City of Buffalo.
!i. He states that they have one circuit of 20 miles upon which a 30 arc lamp dynamo supplies 00 full limits of 2000 c.p. each. This line has been in successful op¬ eration about two years.
> 4th- He fixes the loss of their motors for power at 15j5 .
They deliver 85ji of net power from their stations and collect pay for it.
2
He states that the growth of their business is restricted owing to insufficient aoconmodations at their stations.
They supply lanps and power off the same wire, but re- coirmends separate lines, within the city or town, to avoid annoyance to both classes of consumers as they frequently demand both light and power in excess of the line capacity.
Ab to cost of power to the Brush Co. in answer to the question he gave the cost of coal only, stating that to obtain the cost of power we must; figure the usual ex¬ pense of handling, attendance of.iergine, stokers wages &o. This, using the lowest estimates and under the very best conditions he gave, ''.figures out $80.00 per h.p. per a mum.
Remark, that he stated that their largest and best engine (working under 300 h.p.) bnly gave theBe results
The enclosed clipping from to-day’s Buffalo Courier shows trial balance of the Brush Co. which Mr. Adana stated was furnished from their books.
Please observe that their stock of One Million dol¬ lars is one half water; .80 that the return of 3 % he
3
figures out Tor- the public equals really 13$ upon actual capital.
Mr. Adams further stated that he considered the electri¬ cal business as good for 8 to 10$ safe earnings upon the investment which would seem to be in line with the showing of his Company.
Very Re spy..
Chas. B. Gaskill
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[ENCLOSURE]
u./^ZN
!." no; t,! ! lot:; j
LNEVV YORKr.
Niagara Falls, H. Y. October 27,1380.
jj My dear Mr. Rankine,
Yours of the ' 2ot.li just, received.
A few days since a gentleman came here from Toronto fresh from a conference with Canadian parties who had asked him to take hold of the Canada schema and take It to England to be capitalized. He stated to me that the terms which the Canadian authorities exacted for permission to use their reservation lands and for access to the run and use of its waters, were
1st: A payment of $r>0,0»0 cash, for the two first
jj years of occupancy and use, i.e. 02!i,onn per annum rental, jj Thereafter an annual rental of $30, 000 up to and indudinc 20 years, and then the Canadian authorities would fix the future charge at such sum as the worth of the plant, its | usos would warrant. Or that they would a^ree upon
jj $30,000 annual rental if satisfactory to the parties who were interested.
My informant stated that much effort was made to jj soften these terns, but without avail and that, he, person- j ally, preferred the Hiafjara Falls (Tunnel) plan and wished to secure it for London partios who would at once take hold J and build it Ac. Ac. He further stated that the authori- j ties at Washington had been asked about, duties upon the j power to be transmitted to the American side and that no j favorable decision of freedom from taxation or duties could || be obtained which was another obstacle Ac.
[ENCLOSURE]
2 !
Ha visited Lockport .looked over their plans and re- || tunning here informed me that they were not worth consider-
j| inn, and finally said: "The fact is, your Niagara Falls j |i I
!i "Tunnel scheme is the only one worth my time to engage in j
!' "and if 60 days' time, with control, can be given me I will |
!;• "raise the capital and commence work."
i! Assuring him of our inability to entertain any prop
j| osition,- the interview ended.
From another source I learn that the terms of the !! Canadian government are sub start ially those given me by this i
party. j
It would seem to be unnecessary to call attention !
to the difference existing between the two regions and people separated by the Niagara Kiver. upon the American side, within 30 miles of Niagara Falls; we have 400,000 population, 15 great trunk railway lines, and with every || pound of available water power in full use and probably 30 to 75,000 hotise power made from coal in full and active j
!| employment . j
Upon the Canadian side within 30 miles, they have a I population of less than 75,000, two lines of railway, with several thousand unused house power (water) along the Welland Canal and with a class of people 50 years behind the Ameri¬ cans in energy and ability to thrive and prosper.
That their power can be transmitted I do not doubt. That it can be of any local value for millB, factories Ac.
| fbr many years to come, I can safely deny, and any engineer
[ENCLOSURE]
3 i
of ability who will carefully examine the physical features of the Canadian side of the river also welch the fact that all inlets for water to pro pal hia wheels must have thoir commencement alone the Qd':e of and within the rapids loatlinc i
to the “liorse-shoo" Palls, subject to interruptions from j
I
fields of ice tumbling and irresistibly forcing its way to | the river below - must pronounce against th.e desirability of \ a power subject to such interruptions and which would bo fa- | tal to any investment where eamin-s are expected to bo de¬ rived from transmitted x>owor. Prom long experience with i power I insist that only that which is continuous and always
reliable should receive consideration.
« *
Truly yours,
Chas. B. Oaskiil.
V/. B. Rank in c , Rsq. ,
New York.
[ENCLOSURE]
! %' !
i IHGP I
I^NEW YORK
MEMORANDA .
The hydraulic canal now at Niagara Palls is an open cut about 23 of ^ajriile^ in length, 7 feet_deep and 60 feet wide, cost over §300,000Aand has an average capacity of about 6,000 h.p . novf fully used. In Jan., Peby. and first half of March there is some trouble with slush or an c tor ice which reduces its average ca¬ pacity 20 to 40)< according to the severity of the winter. It should be understood that the character of ice referred to is not that which comes in solidform from the lakes .and down the river but forms in the river and open canal and frequently for several Ipurs closes all the wheels in use upon the Canal. This difficulty be¬ comes serious in proportion to the length of the open canal or con¬ duit and is lessened and removed when the water wheels are placed near the source of supply. The plans of the Tunnel Co. locate the wheel pits within 3 to 400 feet of the deep waters of the Niagara River which will insure continuous power.
It is of very great importance in planning ft>r the use of Niagara power for electric light and power purposes in Tonawanda & Buffalo that the public understand that it can be made reliable and always available. Particularly is this the case with reference to electric light the revenue from which can be made to exceed one half million of dollars annually. Were the City of Buffalo sup-
[ENCLOSURE]
2
plied with light by transmission from Niagara and the power prove to be eccentric during several weeks in the winter it would give rise to difficulties of a very grave nature. The only safe. plan is, to have as little open Canal as possible, place the water wheels as near the river as practicable, with liberal connections with the Channel and the power will then be continuous and reliable. This condition of location the Tunnel plan can only supply.
The writer has had fifteen years experience as a manu¬ facturer upon the hydraulic canal here and during some of the se¬ vere winters has- suffered a loss during the months above named of from 25 to 50J* in the output of his mills. This could not have occurred under the Tunnel plan of water supply.
The construction of a 24 foot Tunnel 1$ miles permits of the discharge of water sufficient to produce 120,000 horse power. This result cannot be secured by any other plan without at least doubling the cost, and when once constructed the cost of maintain¬ ing is reduced to the minimum sinde an underground tunnel in rock once built needs no repair thereafter.
The advantages of the Tunnel project may be summarized as follows:
1st. The production of the greatest amount of power for
the sum to be expended.
[ENCLOSURE]
3
2nd. The location of the wheel pits adjacent to the river will furnish continuous power not obtainable by any other plan.
3rd. Cost of maintaining reduced to the minimum. All work to be done is in rock and. of the most durable character.
4th. As part of our plan is to absorb the Niagara Falls water supply system which will yield a revenue of 12 to $15,000 per annum, location must be had upon the river to secure pure water for domestic uses.
5th. The location of Pulp and Paper mills should be such as to permit the use of fairly clean water which should also come directly from the river. This industry will be largely rep¬ resented here. Our offers from this source exceed an annual rent¬ al of $42,000 conditioned upon location of the mills upon the riv¬ er (lands adjacent).
6th. lake and Erie Canal transportation available with¬ out added expense.
7th. Continuous power for Electric transmission to Buf¬ falo which will yield an immense revenue. The tunnel plan pre¬ sents the onljr sure method of using the waters of the Niagara with¬ out danger of stoppage during extreme winter weather.
[ENCLOSURE]
4
8th. The Tunnel Co. will acquire about two hundred acres of lands under water, the title to which follows that cohered by our contracts.
Respectfully submitted, Chas. B. Gaskill.
[ENCLOSURE]
The objections to the Lewiston or Suspension Bridge scheme, are as follows:
1st. An equal sum expended on the Lewiston Co. plan will produce less than one-half the power obtained by the Tunnel !
plan.
otf- fkat't'
2nd. Requires a surface Canal of s»inw* two miles in length which is objectionable as its capacity is liable to be re¬ duced one-half at times during w inter months.
3rd. Extra cost to maintain. Passes under railroads and streets requiring bridges, excludes vessels unless the Canal is of large size adding to its cost and requiring draw- bridges, &o.
4th. Presents upon the surface a large property subject to taxation.
5th. Will not supply a power under all conditions suit¬ able for electrical transmission to Buffalo. jj
6th. Its location away from the river does not present the advantages for location of mills and factories which a front¬ age along the river gives. This has special reference to sewerage the uses of clear water for domestic and manufacturing purposes, easy access by lake and canal vessels laden with heavy freight both i raw and manufactured material. These and other special advantages j cannot be had where an inland power is located two or three miles [
[ENCLOSURE]
away from the Niagara River with which it is only connected by a slender Canal . .
7th. Finally it is not understood that this c omp sn-y have acquired any lands upon which to locate mills and factories , nor right of way, nor have they in hand any discernable revenues as an inducement to capitalists to carry out the project.
r o >• Hi i
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[ENCLOSURE]
the meantime if there are any questions that I can answer at once, I would be glad to do so .
The whole question is one of cost. So far the answers "I have obtained from the electric companies have been, to say the least, foolish. They are perfectly willing to help spend the money but the schemes submitted are either vague or impractical.
So far I believe that the City of Buffalo might be lighted from Niagara Palls and even small powers of 10 to 20 horse power furn¬ ished but even in these cases the cost would be very little short if any, of erecting a large central station with a steam engine at Buffalo. I believe it would cost from $60. to $70. per year per horse power in Buffalo for large powers and 1 suppose this iB bey¬ ond the cost of steam power there. Have you any data as to the cost of steam power in large mills at Buffalo or Tonawanda?
Hitherto electric transmission of power has come in com¬ petition with small steam engines only, in which the cost of power is often $200. per h.p. per year for a 10 hour. (.service;. But when
it has to compete with large steam engines, it must furnish power for about $50.
[ENCLOSURE]
Page 2!
Have you any data as to the cost of water power jis delivered from the turbines at Niagara Palls . To the $5. for water privileges must be added the cost of attendance and the interest and deprecia¬ tion on the cost of turbines, turbine pitts, water ways etc. I suppose this would make the figures $10. or even $15. per year.
I propose to take the figures at $10. if you have no other data for an estimate.
As to local distribution of power within the limits two miles, I believe power can be furnished in large mills for from $30. to $40. per year per h.p. but I will give better estimates as soon as I can collect the data.
As to Tonawanda, lighting can be carried on there with economy, I think, and small power furnished. As to large powers, all depends on the cost of steam power there. I believe that, with proper business and electrical management, it might pay.
In case of both lighting and power, however, currents of high tension (death-dealing currents) must be used in case of distance transmission.
The proper method of lighting Tonawanda would be by al¬ ternating currents, in the use of which the Westinghouse Company stands preeminent. Their system is eminently practical and car¬ ried out with regard to theoretical as well as comnercial efficien¬ cy. At the same time the high potential wires in the street are
highly dangerouse. I will consider the case more fully in my report Yours sincerely,
(signed) Henry A. Rowland.
PS! This is for incandescent lighting. For arc lights I believe the Brush system is the best. This company now belongs to the Thomso n-Houst on .
[ENCLOSURE]
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY,
Baltimore, Md., Nov. 1, 1889.
Edward D. Adams, Esq.
Dear Sir:-
Since writing my last letter I have received a letter from the Westinghouse Company about the lighting of Buffalo and Tonawanda in which they think that neither would pay commercially.
I agree with them with respect to Buffalo but not with respect to Tonawanda. The latter can be accomplished by the use of a higher potential than the Westinghouse Company use. The Brush Company have both an arc and incandescent system of very high potential and the Company make a success of anything they undertake. So far as I have been able to calculate, the lighting of Tonawanda would pay a little better than to use a steam plant there but even that is uncertain.
As to local distribution of power, my figures are now running from $35. to $45. for a radius of 2 miles. It seems more and more certain that electric transmission cannot compete with large steam engines beyond five miles.
Yours sincerely,
(signed) Henry A. Rowland.
iUrt 5 <h,w fejkls-
Thomas A. Edison, Esq •
Orange, New Jersey.
My dear Sir
Supplementing my letter of November 2nd., enclosing some conmunications from Professor Rowland, I now send herewith copy Of a letter from Prof.Henry Morton and one from Prof. Coleman Sellers, both upon the same subject.
Permit me to suggest for your consideration, the advisa¬ bility of inviting Prof. Rowland t*o accompany you when you visit Niagara Palls. Should you not be personally acquainted with him and prefer that 1 should extend the invitation, 1 shall be happy t o do so . *
Sincerely yours.
[ENCLOSURE]
Hobokon, T!..T. September 27,1830.
K . I), A darna, ICaqr.
Dear 51 i v : —
In reply to your question respecting the practicability anil economy of transmit tin;; power in large amounts through long distances (say in units of 1000 horse power for ten or twenty miles) by means of electric currents, I would say that the problem is not one which has ::ts yet received anywhere its practical solu¬ tion, and therefore we cannot say it is certainly feasible because it has already been done in such and such a ease.
barge amounts of power have been transmitted to distances of ons or tv;o miles and small amounts of power have been transmit¬ ted for lonr; distances, such as JJO miles, but the combination of largo amounts of power and Ion?; distances has not yet beer, realized in practice, and without doubt something now in the dimensions and proportions of electrical machinery must be developed in order to meet the requirements of such a problem r.is you propose.
Enough however has boon done to furnish a sound basis for general calculations and estimates, and having gone over these with great care in a variety of cusoa, I feel entirely satisfied that a plant could bo constructed for the transmission of 1000 horse power, through a distance of 10 or twenty milos, at si;ch a coot as would make each horse power, available at the end of the lino,cout from §10 to §20 pr. year J this including all interest on the cost of electrical machinery, line wires, buildings and other structure^ and the .expenso of icaintenanco as expressed in wages of attendants and cost of repairs. This does not include the cost of producing
[ENCLOSURE]
2
tha power by turbine a or otherwise at Niagara, which X have not examined or attempted to estimate.
In my estimation the difficulties, exponaivono as and wastefulness of any pneumatic method of transmitting power for such distances render it unv/orthy of consideration in this connection.
As 1.o the various methods in detail by which power may be conveyed by the use of electric currents, a full discussion would involve the writing of a tcoatiso, and I would su^ost that the most complete and satisfactory method to secure the best of these, would be to as!: for propositions from the principal electric companies and submit those to competent Klectric and .Mechanical Engineers for selection.
Very truly yours,
(signed) Henry Morton.
PS: For larger emounts than 1000 H.P. it would simply be necessary to duplicate the 1000 H.P. plant.
[ENCLOSURE]
HK01 Earing St. Philadelphia, Oct' r 5th laDQ,
E. D. Adams, Esq., *
Hot/ York.
Hoar Sir:-
r°P1Jr to your recent favor asking me to report to joa, this woek, cm tlm practicability .roliab ility and cost, as can- parec. „o steam power of largo amounts of power transmitted toy elec- icioy from the falls of Niagara to Cities distant ten or twenty _ loo,l would say tint the subject is one demanding more time, but i _ia\e labored diligently to secure for you such in Formation os 11 enable you to judge of the value of the proposed method of ut.l-zjnf! -no power of Niagara River near the Palls, and the cost S Of the power there generated when carried to the distant places.
The cost of steam power, per horse power per annum, has not ? rlx™ vn* ono«Sh certainty to place it among t e known nua.n- los. I am clearly of opinion, that with coal at $5 00 v'r ton cost of steam power is not less than $4.5. per horse power per l!n» ^!0 best boilers and the inost improved engines. Very
manufacturers, who hare given much thought to the cost of their , 1 * ai'° t° let it as low as this price, those who do
ta-s loss, do so under the false impression that they have an excess of power to dispose of costing thorn nothing in getting, oncers arguing that any price for the surplus is botW mar ' noth ing .
The problem of transmission of power to any considerable .ance, with tho object in view of renting that power, at a low , ib only worth considering in conjunction w* th p po-yor
remarkable for its quantity, reliability, and its cheapness 5? - 1
production, Such seems to bo the cano under consideration.
Having carefully considered the prospectus of the Niagara River Hydraulic Tunnel "« Sower Co., X am impressed with th e fo as - ability of the proposed plan of using this great water power* which always attracted the attention of manufacturers. I have no* sufficient data to enable me to fully verify all the estimates of .he Engineer of the Company, but I can detect no flaw in the ar¬ gument, as to practicability, and economy, and feel sure, the en¬ terprise, if carried out judiciously, will be t]s means of pre¬ sent ing manufacturers, wit’n nn ab ’undent, and cheap power, <n th a reasonable certainty, that tho power can bo carried twenty miles cost that should leave a fair margin of profit to tie Com¬ pany when offered at less cost than that c at the spot, or point of delivery*
V/hilc asked to report on tho cost or transmitting by elootri- ii ity only, I ib el it my duty to call your attention to other modes if transmitting motion, for the reason that each may have its place in certain cases. If the power of the water is to be used in ^ lighting, then the transmission of the electricity from the Dynamo lose to the water wheel directly to the distant city, will bo bet¬ ter than the transmission of the required power to Dynamos at tho distant placo . The question of uses of the power such as driving machinery or hoisting goods in warehouses, as well as the distance spanned in each case will point to th o most economic mode of trans- miss ion.
n power generated
j!
[ENCLOSURE]
(2)
Foi- limited distances, say five miles, and with rin-ht of
the telodvnam?0t+°n ”*? b° fiiven to mnchinery in largo amounts by 1 IL^TT 'r transmission of power that obtains in practice in
Svitzeriana from sane of their great-water falls, and may be worth b°S In snail wire. ropes made into endless
; can-led from large shioves over other light easy running shieves to and from the place where the power is needed. CUmatiS conditions of the Lake district may preclude the use of this system ^ RJiould it be deemed applicable to ary case, the data of cost 0a“ \° OJ‘ain°d tr,m reliable published reports on the system.
in the case of operating hoisting machines in warehouses nr "ITf Ul"i' Sl°W mov:uip machines, hydraulic transmission by means under considerable pressure regulated by accumulators lias been used to great advantage.
.Jr*™**9 tr‘an:imi!1;;i°-5 or compressed air carried in pipes ° diota m. engines, has been used in many places, perehans *o a gr^at entent at the Falls of St. Anthony, and L so4 minSg op¬ era. ions. It has the advantage of giving to the consumer an elas¬ tic gas .hat can be used like steam in the:’ use of this system lias many defects, such a-
Electric
r engines. The extended
power, from the loss of heat driven/ off by compression!' from'^ ^ SomnS^t and from the cold manifested in expansion Ac.
donod^n ^ P f*' Pnouniatic transmission arc now being aban-
donod m mining operations for electricity, but the subject 4
involS tL0”0 iDn * ln a° ™Ch as 8®» °P the difficulties 4 I3e0t may be overcane. Had I personal control a . Problem of transmission as now presented, I should certainly coot °n t!“ SUbjCCt as he got without m4h
Zo Li valuablG knowledge on the subject can bo obtained fron tr" an sm i o s 1 on f CQnpressta^ machines, who have studied the cost of
In regard to the problem of transmitting power by moans of ricit?; wo are unfortunate in having no good examples to use a™! ’ rP°n ' Wn °an ba8e calculations as to cost, largo amounts of power have been cheaply sent short distances say two o"
f^Mrr thm’ simn*mimtB or PO"or have boon sent very much i ai . re r than is now under consideration. Y/o cannot base our calculations on the latter cases for the reason that with electri¬ cal machinery extension in volume or size on any given plan does -L!Uh col\ta*nty ?ive Proportional good results/ Sr tan iatSxx- in *” aaK*3oHClx Each case has to be considered
moot ti O ^°+aU lts conditions and the machinery designed to thodr- nS* v? hav° inf0 nation enough to point to me¬
thods that will accomplish the result with economy even when we " assume a largo margin for errors.
su'ljoc t H£ Giving all the arguments would in-
In the li„ M of ? a reP°f- 1 haV° °arUl',Jlly Gohc over the subject in .no light oi the experience aof competent elodtrical Engineers ns t^Vf seloctod Jh0 systera H»oly to be the most satisfactory
choavos^in'rir T V° "T C°St- ^ SyStem Seomin* to be tii
S in nil f :+, °+°at evolves so many difficulties in keeping
7."^ weathers that I hare not confidence in its seeming price. 1 ! f/1 co"?lderatl-°n of the safest mode of transmission has lead
to oelief that Power in quantities of 1,000 Horse Powers can
[ENCLOSURE]
t0 tV/0nty mil06 at a ««>* Of from ton to twenty all mnXi. ? 0 r‘°We1’’ aconrdln« to distance. This price to cover
,/hool tha-^drivosStiS f;nGqVt t!D Cost 0T the P°wer from the water 1?/, * , rS t Ke crating machine. I do not think
power nvo v, aZ T °f cheai,ly sencUnr; larger quantities of wir.i ' ^ Plant, to increase the amount transmitted the
r^l0‘ 1Tlano Wl11 be d’T;lioat°d or multiplied to the extent called
n piacuCo. iho use „o which the electricity will bo art lied -/-m influence its final cost. To make this clear I must cSl vour , , tf onst °f steam power. In any large- factory it has
0 -wmd m0S!' economical to centralize the power.' One la^e ooeam en-ao will in spite of the known loss in transmitting power by line shafting, give a better result than mr-' snail en-
-S5«S* "“** cll'ivinr. machines moi-e dii-cotly
r,%: ~
au one place giving motion to shafting after the manner of the L^LS:r en,^llia' ■n‘IG ri na 1 cost of the power will depenl par- f/J* f the terminal buildings and the care of the plant
I, , . ] 0"G1 can bG delivered by conductors and d istributod in buildings owned by tie manufacturer, and if too he is the owi»" of P ***** hiS nia°hine ^ C°St o' *1° livery
I mention this matter of distribution mainly to show how n care must be given to tie su.jcct and how much can bo saved wise engineering. Hoping that what I have given you will be pier*0-1 iaiiId m'K° yalr SGekinf5 estimates from loading makers of pSctr-Can ?lamB aml th° the .plans and estimates to
Srionrr H anV° Hao?»nioal ^gineors who have had ex-
| pen once m t!;e tram sniss ion of power.
Yours truly,
(Signed) Coleman Sellers.
_ Oi^riK. ft
^LjU*.-*^.*.^ ^ZZT <-**-
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w
jl Niagara Palls, m, y. , liovr. 5th, 1889,'
| William B, Rankin©, Esq., jj New York City,
My dear Mr, Rankin© :
j| 1 have your letter with copy of one from Prof-
ji essor Rov/land.
let us consider some of his statements. He put3 [; the COQt of delivery of Electric power from Niagara Palls I t0 Buffalo at §60 to §70 per h.p. "for large powers." Is i; this true?
The Tunnel Co. will develop 100,000 h.p. at Niagara | Palls at a cost of §8,000,000, including a large amount of | real estate the revenue from which we will not consider.
The fixed charges upon the whole investment will be, say 5# interest - equal to §100,000, or §1.00 per h.p. for crude or | undeveloped power.
A plant of 10 Water Wheels of 1000 h.p. each equal jj t0 10»000 h.p. can be placed in a wheel pit and power brought to. the surface for §60,000, ji The fixed annual charges on this outlay are:
on the Capital ($60,000) §3,000 S# for repairs, *c. , 3,000 Attendance &c. 4,000.
Total, §10,000.
or §1.00 per h.p. per annum, and a total cost of §2.00 per h.p. on Shaft at Niagara.
let us consider the plant for transmission of 5000 h.p. to Buffalo to equal a cost of $1,000, OOo and we find.
|
Fixed charges of 5# on capital |
$50,000 |
|
Attendance &c, (estimated) . |
85,000, |
|
$75,000. |
|
|
Add $2. per h.p. for 8000 h.p. |
allow ing |
|
loss of 40X in transmission |
10,000. |
|
Total, |
$91,000. |
I V/hich Gives us about $18.85 per li.p. per annum at Buffalo. It must not bo forgotten that this sum pays l>% on all tho capital diroctly invested in the line and covers operating expenses of the same. This estimate includes the entire cost of right of way to Buffalo, and it follows that' tho ; second 5000 h.p. necessarily would cost loss than the first. ; These figures Beem to show that Prof. Rowland's estimate of $80 to $70 is entirely! erroneous.
Prom careful investigation wo find that the most
i' favorable showing that can bo made in Buffalo of minimum
|i -
j; of Gteam P°wer ia $30 lup. This is only attained
jj by larG® Plants working under the most favorable conditions, j! 1131(1 th0 average steam power oosts anywhere from §50 to $100 | per h.p,
| Briefly the conclusions must be as follows:
FIRST: That steam power in Buffalo costs from
$80 to $100 per h.p,
SECOND: That the Niagara power trahsnitted to Buf¬
falo will cost $17 to $20 per h.p. delivered at one or more central stations.
■
Prof, Rowland refers to the ability of the Brush Company to carry out anything they may undertake arxi we are
|;
: pleased to refer you to an offer signed by the President of ji thG Bru8h °°*> *Ir- Stockley, a copy of which you have, stat- j; inc th0 r willingness to supply the plait to transmit this jj power t0 and guaranteeing results such as I have
I; outlined above.
{: Prof. Rowland’s statement as to cost of local trans-
j; mlsBion to points within 3 miles of the initial power here I iB ^togethei- erroneous. Starting at the Company’s works [ hSre with a net ooat of *2. h.p. the added expense of
I tranallls3ion is simply the cost of wires, and poles or con- | duits.
In fact the transmission of power for two or three || miles on or near our lands is hardly worth considering, as i the cost cannot in any manner affect our enterprise. The ; Power may bo cheaply transmitted one to three miles by cable I and ovr Rlvor frontage is so extensive that 300 Manufactur- |i in® establisliments can be located upon our- lands, receive I wator frcm th0 Niagara River, and have their Water Wheels | within a few feet of their doors.
Finally do not let our friends commit the error of determining the value of tho Niagara power solely by its possible uses in Buffalo. Such U3e must and will be largo in amount and remunerative, but I make the prodiction that there will be a demand for it from all parts of the Country from individuals and firms seeking reliable and lasting pow¬ er that will build up a rovonuo which will fully care for the fixed charges upon the capital invested.
I Th0 ability of our Company to supply cheap power,
|| centrally located, with unrivalled shipping facilitios, muBt and will produce satisfactory results.
It may be presumption on my part to criticise the j opinions of a Professor of Johns Hopkins University, yet
^when one seeks the opinion and advice of a person supposed
I '%s
rto possess superior and authoritative knowledge upon a sub¬ ject and finds that person engaged in accumulating the opin¬ ions of other people upon which to base his ovm, it would ;J ,'8e em to be a plain confession of structural weakness; at if least in the direction of the subject matter under consider¬ ation, and any opinion so formed ought not to be valued, as | against those of Edison, Brush and others who have made j great discoveries in electrical matters and who know from | their ovm practical experience what theoretical men have had no opportunity of learning.
Yours truly,
Charles B. Gaskill, per A. J. P.
Niagara. falls. N. Y.
bear ~ir
heferrlng to the prices of coal for steam/, vs can not give you such figures now Cfor reasons before mentioned: as we think you will want, to contract atjin fact, at this time can not make you price beyond Kay. 1st. on soft coal. On hard coal, price « at, mines subject to the conting encies of transportation and mining [iej strikes and fluctuations in rreigftt from mines to buffalo and Niagara falls, which are always the same in these. days.
rAe sill make you Anthracite Pea coal at the breaker., and Grate at
$1.90 per gross ton. Present rate of freight to Niagara falls is $2.00 per gross ton., making Pea $£.95 and Grate $3. 90, equal to Ss.sS & $3.48 respectively per net ton
of 2000 Its., i'hls price 13 for one year., subject to above named conditions. ive ,
do not look for any material advance in freight from mines to Niagara falls.
On Soft coal, we will make you price of $1.80 per nit ton at Buffalo, up to May. 13 1. ; this is as long as we can make you a price on soft coal at present., but as before stated/ve think later on^-ln the winterise can fit you out on that eoal^f you prefer -Soft. coal)for a year. ibl'S price is based on about the quantity you mentioned We would like to figure with you when you get down to business.and want to contract, as we feel satisfied that we can give yousatisfactior.ras regards quality &. price.
,0»r» truly, 1
Harold p. brown.
Nov. 7, 1883.
? - /S/fe
_ _ / o /
My Dear Mr. Edison,
The London Daily News published on Tuesday an ac¬ count of the Tcilltng of a horse tn this city Monday A.M. Yesterday the Westtnghouse people opened fire upon them, claiming that the report was all wrong. They cabled for confirmation and 1 was able to send the tnclosed tn con- dens ed form over my own signature. Is this worth while to follow up in that benighted land? I also inclose some other matters whtch may be of interest.
Sincerely Yours,
[ENCLOSURE]
Cable Dispatch sent by request to The London Daily News.
Referring to the accident last Monday morning where¬ by a horse was killed on Fourth Avenue and a police ser geant injured , will say that such occurrences have be¬ come very common since the introduction of the hig7i-ten- sion alternating current. The explanation is simple to anyone having experience with the peculiarities of that deadly current. In the first place although it was not at the time raining , everything was still saturated wi Si. water; a rusted telephone wire had fallen tnto the street and trailed against an « insulated// wire carrying the al¬ ternating current. The earth connection thus formed was but a partial one and vhen the horse shod with iron, struck the wire and pulled it taut, his body being more completely connected to earth, shunted sufficient cur¬ rent through ' tt to produce death.
He fell upon the wire and it is not at all unlikely that the contact of the rusted wire against the street car rail may have allowed sufficient current to &ufficin'rtt current to pass to heat the point of contact and finally produce an arc.
The body -of the horse vhen lying on-the paving stones, no longer formed so complete aground connection , and when the driver touched tt he received a portion of the current, but not sufficient to produce serious inju¬ ry. The police sergeant then came in contact with the wire between the horse and the pole and deflected suf¬ ficient current to knock him down and burn him. The ac¬ counts indicate that he too fell upon the wire and his assistant tn pulling him off received his quota.
This may seem improbable to English readers; it did to us at first but there have been so many similar acci¬ dents tn vhich the alternating current divided among sev erai living beings from a partially grounded wire, that we know tt is only too true. One case out of a dozen wtll suffice.
On the A.M. of Feb. 6, 1888, before dayltght, the driver of a grocery wagon on a prominent street tn Buf¬ falo, N.Y. , saw his horse fall. He tried to pull hts antmal up but fa tied and struck tt with hts wet vJhtp, re hetvtng sufficient shock to throw htm backwards tnto hts wagon. The ground was covered with snow and wet snow was falltng. Hts cries brought to hts assistance Isaac Morton, a porter for the Wagner Palace car Co., who seized the horse by the bridle and was instantly killed
[ENCLOSURE]
Harold p. brown,
Subsequent examination showed that a telephone wire had uroken, one end falling into the street, resttng a- gainst an « insulat ed« wire carrying the Westtnghouse al¬ ternating current at 1,000 volts pressure . Had it been c'urrent ln either of these cases the grounding of the wire would have short-circuited some of the lamps a?id thus indicated to the station attendant that some¬ thing was wrong; or if an automatic regulator was used, mSP/fl,tgJ^ner,aZJy lhB caae> the voltage would have been tm mediately reduced and such accidents would have been im¬ possible. With the alternating current, however, there is no means of detecting at the station whether the cur¬ rent Passes through converters and lamps or leaks to the ground and returns through a human body and a stray wtre C07nPZaint the experts of the New York Health Department made an examination on the night of Oct. I4 » Iff®* °/ the ci™uits leading from the best equipped al¬ ternating current station in this city. One end of a v.0Zlmeterl was connected to earth and the other applied in turn to each terminal of nine different cir- onltV FtIU71 °/ these were in subways and the others on ry case Previous tests of insulation re- shovjed very high insulation. But with the rVZn r «n ^ Tnnt testS a difference of potential of from leo to. S00 volts was found to extst upon every cir¬ cuit, tne average betng 450 volts.
This is of course an Induced current but it is more than sufficient to produce death tn a human being touch - i7f ® vjtre whtle. making a ground connect ton. The armor of the underground cables and the moisture surrounding rnt *?s'uZ*tion °f overhead wires farmed a conducting pa*h for this induced current. This seems incredible and it ■would of course be impossible in a short laboratory cir¬ cuit. But when the wtres extend for miles the static capacity may easily, become very large. Ur. Hopktnson long ago pointed out the fact that converters were at the same time condensers and might be a source of danger out* think I was the first to show that the conductors themselves might be so regarded. In concluding the report of their tests the Health Dept, recommended that the pressure of the alternating current be limited to 2S0 volts. It is hoped that this limitation win be ad¬ opted since the high tension alternating current has al- ready claimed 40 victims , II of whom were killed in the oVrrthAr" Vkrl»hrr-' fie tyndon Electrical Review of Oct.
An" (r,
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New York,8th. November, 1889.
Thomas A. Edison, Esq. V^,
Orange, New Jersey. '
My dear Mr. Edison: -
The duty on imported cables is 45*. Having had some experience in the importation of cables in this country, I think I can say positively that it would be impossible to get a cable in free of duty for inland use.
Should you desire, giving me the necessary specifica¬ tions, I can procure, through an engineer in London who has acted for some Companies that I am connected with, positive proposals from the various constructors of electrical cables in England, so that we may know exactly what time and money would be required for this branch of the business. In contracts involving several millions of dollars this gentleman acted as our inspector located at the works, and being a practical electrician having a personal acquaintance with all the manufacturers, his services would be use¬ ful and I can have them promptly.
As to jurisdiction in the Niagai-a River, it has been de¬ clared by the Government to be a navigable stream. It would be necessary to obtain the consent from the United States Government
Thos.A.Edison.g:
to lay a cable, and also from the towns along the line of the river -the latter necessity being in lieu of the State authority, by reason of the amendment to the Niagara Palls Company's charter, un¬ der which the necessary power has been conferred for our action, subject only to the approval of the townships. This latter can
readily be obtained at short notice.
Very truly yours,
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/SS J2 “&tA
WESTERN
We are attorneys in a suit in this city which involves first, the danger to life and property from the single trolley wire overhead electric railway system, pressure five hundred volts. Second, the practicability and possibilities of the conduit or underground and the storage battery electric railway system. Would you be willing to give us your deposition as a s.- ientist on the subject, which will involve many of the points touched by you in your November Article published in the North American Review as the electric lights are in use in this city with their wires crossing and recrossing the trolley wire of the railroad, the electric wires having a pressure of from one to two thousand volts. The telephone wires also cross the trolley wire of the railroad and run parallel with it in many places. The electric light wires and telephone wires were put up first am! have p rocedenML-in point, of t ime over the trolley wire railroads of this city. If you will agree to give us your deposition in the case we will at once send forward the interrogatories to an attorny (tfen.Prjror) so that wo can have your answers. A brief answer to this letter indicating your views on the above questions, especially that of danger to life and property frcm the overhead trolley wire
Hew York, 19th. December, 1889.
Dear Mr .Edison! -
I send you herewith the latest report, that of Dr. Coleman Sellers, upon the Niagara project, for your information.
Sincerely yours.
Thomas A. Edison, Esq
[ENCLOSURE]
3301 Baring St . ,
Philadelphia, Deo, 17th 1889,
! 2d. D. Adame, Esq . ,
17 Nassau Stroot,
I How York,
|: 3irs~
Having viewed, in oompany with Mr. Albert. H.Portor, the lands at the option of tho Niagara River Hydraulic Tunnel, Power and Sower Company, incorporated by att of tha How York legislature , passed March 31st, 1880, and consid¬ ered tho proposed tunnel as designed by Mr. Thomas Ever- shod, C.E., X offor tho following report as to practicabil¬ ity and cost of tho enterprise.
Tho plan of -utilising tho power of Niagara river, in buildings to bo erootod on tho property of the Company • above the uppor RapidB, by meana of a tunnel or tail raoo from the property to tho bank of the river below tho falls, ns explained in the- panphlot issued by tho Company in 1886 end fully described by the then Division Engineer of the State of How York Mr. Thomas Evorshod , C.E., and indorsed by Mr. Elnathan Sweet, tho State Engineer and Surveyor, is one that oontnends itself as feasible , end no exception can bo taken to tho general plan of tho project as proaont- od by tho proposer of the ochomo. The question as before me is one of mechanical engineering, and finding no ac¬ curate surveys upon which to base an OBtiraato of cost or any details showing distribution of powers, I look upon lb*. Evorshod* a presontution of the case as expressive of an idea and not as the perfection of the engineering ochomo
1.
[ENCLOSURE]
after the project should have boon aoooptod by capitalists ! and tho work put in hand.
In tho abaonco of a porfect topographical survey of I looation, I have been obliged to seek such information { bo oon bo obtained, opart from my personal observation of ! tho land and the geological formation of tho rooks undor- | ; lying tho surface of the ground, as exposed in the vast j ; cut mado by tho fells during many past egos;
! 1st. To the reports of the geologists who have conoid- I ! ered the interesting problem of tho reoedence of the Palls j. to the present- site:
| aid. To tho testimony of persons who have boon engaged !' in tunneling or making hydraulic canal a in tho immediate | neighborhood:
| 3rd. On the re Cords of tho Hydraulic Oanal Company ,moro particularly as thoy relate to the fluctuations of the sur- i faco height of the rivor at the mouth of their oanal at | Port Day, for which information I am indebted to Mr. W. 0.
! Johnson C, B. , engineer of tho Hydraulic Oanal Company,
; 4th . To Mr, David Philips, who has furnished mo with
li
| the aooount of tho rocks passed through in boring a gas | well on the property of tho Company, and who is at present lj engaged in building a canal on the Canadian side of tho rivor for tho Water Works; who has had to do with the jl tunnel at Lookport and who has noted its durability undor I similar conditions as will obtain hero; who has had con- l stant employment about the falls, making him a valuable |i and reliable authority on matters connected with tho riso
[ENCLOSURE]
! pnd fal1 or tho river both above and below the falls. j
5th. On the corroborative testimony of the residents ofj tho looality. Among those I may montionoMr. H.S. Ware, fa_
|: miliar '7ith wolls 071 «>o site of tho proposed work; also Mr j J* Kofiran who ha3 knowlodgo or tho wells Bvmk in hia ttoo.
[ 6th. To Oeptcin Charles B. Deskill for tho oonditiona \ staining in the mill alien foci by the hydraulic Canal. With ! 0oPtain Q "skill visit was itado to tho whool pit of Messrs. !
: Showilkoph & Mathews mill built in 1870, taking power from j
; tho Hydraulic Canal Co. Also to the base of the cliff at I
| the head of the lower rapids, whoro tho "shalo" can bo I
j seen and examined. J
j 7th. To Mr. A. C. R*ce, Consulting Engineer for ifbssrs.
| Stilwell & Biox-co Mfg. Oo., for much valuable information ; in regard to tho action of turbine water -wheals under high ; heeds.
8th. To Mr. Alexander J. Portor for survey and sound- ingp of the river.
j To 1!r • Albert H. Portor who showed me tho lands
| and who hoa rendered mo valuable assistance in tho prosofi [ outiQn of investigation, and' who imp r oases mo very
j favorably as to his knowledge of tunneling, from his oon- j nootion with the Tfork on tho How York acquoduet.
!| Starting with tho idea that the first outlay should
| economically open up proporty capable of giving space for j: tho wildings that could uso to advantage say SO ,000 horse i poW3r of tho 120,000 H.P. assumed as available, X have located the first canal on the property of lb*. J, Binkley the line running south 10° IS# west magnetic meridian, and S. ' -
[ENCLOSURE]
i passing 12 1/& foot weBt of K r. Binkley's house, the pro- j
I s
file of which locality hua boon furnished by Mr.VT.O. Johnson |
! C.E., and herewith given, marked A.
Jiaps of the location furnished mo unon which tho
I
i many oroas omiala have boon plaaod, aro irdoloading an tbey 1
aro predicated on a great amount of filling, for tfhioh ■■ filling I Oan see no mats rial available at the presont j moment, I sloo object to tho extent of filling as not j ;■ conducive to free water supply to the canal, without danger : of cutting off from the Hydraulic Canal Company, Finding 1 tho land between Buffalo Street and tho river bank too ! contracted for the purpose, .1 have askod for optional prico of tho land between that street end the line of tho rail¬ road, Papers marked B, will cover the plan of the propos- | od additional ground and the prices asked for the property, i In my estimate of total cost I include the cost of this ; land. Tho proposed canal will lie about 6,020 feet above | tho mouth of tho tunnel and the property at tho option of j the Company extends so for up the river as to enable five othor canals to bo located, the last one being 6,600 foot | above tho one under consideration.
j Assuming 90 foot head to be tho most economical, but
!: leaving room for tho use of 96 feet head if wheels can be | obtained to work economically at the pressure and velocity j due to that head or fall, 1 hiare changed the grade of the ; main tunnel from a fall of one foot per hundred as laid : down by Hr. Evorshsd to 1/LO of a foot to the hundred, nom- | inally to a slope of .007. I maintain this grade or slope j up to tho canal under which lisa tho first cross tunnel.
[ENCLOSURE]
and having found "that this constant decrease of water war—
; mats the change, I have adopted a slopo of .005 as tho bottom grade of tho rotnaininc G,C00 foot of tho main tunnel By this means I obtain a uniform 90* to 95* ho ad ovor tho jj whole land. Prom tho first cross tumsl, that is to say !| from a point 6,020 foot from tho mouth of tho main tunnel, the saiso size of cross section will bo maintained up stream for a distance of about 1,350 foot, to tho second oros3 tunnel, which tunnel. will aocontnodate 24,000 horso powox', and after thi3 amount has beon disposed of, the main tunnel :j will dooroaaa in siae in sections of 1,350 feet until tho last sootion is reacted, when the area of tho tunnel, will ;j bo decreased from 572 feet to 201 feot area or from a 27 ! foot tunnol to one of 16 foot diameter, the cost of each !, 3oction being loss than its predoooasor, while tho value | of the building si too will, bo uniform, so far as head of water is o<*icornad and mere valuable as boing near to Buf¬ falo and farther f rom tho dangorous part of tho stream.
In ny treatment of thia subject, I have had to take j: into consideration tho nature of tho rod? through which the j: water will pass , and in considering the use of watui* under i a hood of 90 feot at least, I have based ny calculations of i: volurao on tho loss in transmission from tho wheel to the j1 surfaoe and aim to deliver oaoh 1,000 horse poppr blooJc in such manner as to givo that poror at the first Jack shaft I; in each mill. In diminishing the slope from that proposed
i' in tho estimate of tho designers of tho scheme I have en-
j; '
jj denvorod to koop down tho cost of const ruction by adopting || a now system of surface canal that will so much lessen tho
5.
[ENCLOSURE]
I 00 construction as to make the larger section of tun- ' retired for the system, taken in conjunction with the I canal and cross tunnols, no more costly than the smaller | section on the maps furnished me in connection with the |; system of cross' tunnels end canols there given, f A careful examination of tho location has foroed
upon me the conviction that the main tunnel will pass r.
: through the shale that underlies the hard limestone rock, and which, while worked, with more oaso may he considered | less able to stand without lining. Frcm an examination of f this shale and the concurrent testimony of thoso who have i worked it I find that its name is misleading. It is, in | situ, a hard rook capable of standing a moderate velocity | of currant and yielding only to tho operation of frost in | conjunction with moisture. If, as I suppose will be the S case, the mouth of the tunnel will be wholly or in part in ; this shale I propose to protect it by masonry at the portal | and to keep out frost by closing the portal by gates that | shall extend as low as tho water line of the outflowing | water. By this means the tunnel will bo subjected to the action of water only, and that at such velocity, as haw : been found not destructive to the "Shale*.
Hie rook formation through which it is proposed to carry -the tunnel is the' same as ha3 been laid bare by the ; gradual reoedonce of tho falls to their present site. We ; know that this rock does yield to the action of the ele¬ ments, but the mind is staggered in contemplating the ages : required to carve the river bod out of such material.
Thoso who live close to the mighty torrent and have
X A
[ENCLOSURE]
I b°0n m0d t0 wotol'i«e 1*u aation or the water, can coo but , little change from year to year. Careful Stu-voys made j ■ 3t inteTV<?io havo demonstrated, that in the wont conoen- j
; t rated current of the Horae Shoo Pulls, the wear h* been I
j 30 much aa to carry the odeo or tho fall book 100 foot in I
i! °b0ut 83 yosra * but the raced once of the breast of the
American Pall has been less marked, and what is to bo par* I ; ticularly noted, the racodonce of the bluff of Goat Island !
ia finite as err oat as that of tho bluff of the American Pall j ; Proto this v/e must infer, that frost and moisture have had ! j raoro to do with the destruction of tho rock then the f ca-co ! of the water clone, as tho front ago of Goat I3lend is not subject to water v/e or.
f The more than 4,000,000 horse power representing tho
j P°wr of tha fell in water as it passes from the 3ito i chosen for tho prooont enterprise to the rivor below tho ; fells, have with the water, carried roel?a and ice, to help | 111 mai' of natural dam, but tho cold of tlie north¬ ern winter has dono tho most damage in following tho no ie- : ture as it ponotrates tho curfaoe of tho softer rocks and ; «!iol«. It is this frost action that is now at work dis¬ integrating tho exposed shale so slov/ly as to be little : noticed,
' In talcing the water frean the rivor to each whoel
; P** by oanal I have assumed a volodty of only 1 x/i> foot I per Beoond and givon a section to tho canal at its mouth sufficient to deliver tho amount of water neodod to dcvolop 20,000 horso powor along tho longth of tho canal. To dim¬ inish tho coot of construction of thia canal I diminish its 7
[ENCLOSURE]
f Cr0SS 200110,1 20 ** ^ancos into the land, B0 that from | ! a nu,uth 120 1,001 lrMo» «»a loot mill aito ifl reached with j | a Widlh °f oano1 of only 24 fe°t. This plan being carried ; out with ell the oonalo will moke tho mill sites between I th° a“1Ulu *v«il«ib-lo B1 conrtruotion great or in
10 hf^th os they recede from tho rivor.
| The water carried to tho wheel pita at a moderate
velocity ia carried to each pair of wheel a in flumes of ample also, ao that velocity of current exists only whore !; 11 “f,n do wor3:» naisoly, in tho motel cose of eaeh turbine | f whoal* ~rom the whoela the current is lessened to tho I j maln tl-lrul01 v,hortl it pas son at a moan velocity of S3 feet j ji por aaoond through tho noma kind of rooks, that stew so I
| littlQ WGer at. too falls, where to enormous velocity is | added the action of frost. Bi o water passing: through this | tunnel ia freed from all the rough matter that helps to slowly pound the rooks of the fella to pieces and is also j protected from the frost of tho cold winters .
I have spared no pain3 to assure myeolf of tho last- j ing qualities of the roek and shtile when protected from | frost end refer to tho authorities quoted at the beginning ! °f ^is report. I do not give detail of tho statements mado by tho persons who have tho broadest experience on tho subject, who have noted the action of water under tho con¬ ditions that obtain in the present enterprise, but feel certain that the shalo win wear well end need no lining.
Tho section of tunnel proposed is that oannionly adopted on railroad work. The shape being that of a horse shoo, tho top aroh being oomi -circular of 10 foot radius;
8. ' j ,
[ENCLOSURE]
4i
width at btso of the Gj-ch 80 foot • the aide*; will slope fj-or.i a width of SC feet at floor to 80 at tl:u spring of tho arch and height of the sides about 7 foot 0 In oh os, while the floor will bo curvod to a control depth of l.s ! foot. Sas drawings C, accompanying tl-.in report. Tho total height of the tunnel Trill ho 84 foot, tho aroo. being ' eprsal to that of t: circular tunnol 87 foot in diameter.
All tho tunnels will bo of similar form, but will bo men¬ tioned (in ope eking of size) by tho diameter of circular tunnels of oquc.1 area.
The first areas tunnel '.Till begin with 13 feet dic- (hotor and ond with 10 foot diameter , whi^o ell tho Inlets Trem tho vdiool pits will bo equal to G feet diemotor circu¬ lar tunnels. The G foot openings from wheel aits have boon lengthened to tho mcnif ont saving of the voluro of tho 0 2* ecs tunnel us is shown in tho drewijig accompanying this paper marked D, showing sections through wheal pits. It is proposed to work this main tunnol with ibur b roasts requiring two vei-iical shafts ono at tho upper end 0,020 foot from the mouth, and tlio other on tho property of the vailrotd any 2,040 foot from tho mouth; 1,320 running foot of the excavation will bo thrown into the Niagara river below tho falls , about 8,010 running: foot will be taken frem the first shaft end by overhaul coating say, $22, 000. will be carriod to the property of the Company and bo used in making lend, so will td.no -die remaining 1,090 foot delivered from the upper ahnffc, the latter without cost of oyo ihaul. If it ic found dod. ruble to shorten the timo of tunneling a third shaft can bo driven and two moro breasts
[ENCLOSURE]
worked the cost being perhaps §15,000, for such shaft. Bila, however, will somewhat reduce the ovoihaul cost.
I adviso the too shafts only.
For the tunnel proper below the first oanal, whioh l mvaii bo moda Inrce enough to dovalop the Whoio power «- : quirod, the cost will be as follows: —
|
Opon cut at the mouth. |
§35,000,00 |
|
|
Driving tunnel. |
702,180.00 |
|
|
First shaft. |
16,600.00 |
|
|
Second Bhaft , |
14,200.00 |
|
|
Ovo ihou^ , |
22,000.00 |
|
|
Masonry at portal Sxj., |
10.000.00 |
§787,080.00 |
|
Goat of 1st. orosa tunnel. |
22,242.00 |
|
|
Outlet tunnels 8 feet eeoh. |
5.552.00 |
§27,304.00 |
|
Ooat of first oanal ISO feet |
wide at mouth 20 |
foot deep |
|
the water at ordinary height being 15 feet deep at spead of 1,5 per second. |
and fi owing |
|
|
Rook excavate d from f oanal , |
§44,000.00 |
|
|
Rorth cut. |
7,000.00 |
|
|
Cut in river. |
50,000.00 |
|
|
Rook outs to pita. |
1,500.00 |
|
|
Stone work bn oanal. |
40,000.00 |
|
|
Dressed stone at gates, |
10,000.00 |
|
|
Coffer dam at mouth. |
10 .000 .00 Si 42, 500 .00 |
|
|
In sinking one pit to each two mills and bringing the |
iropes from the wheel drums up into eaoh mill site the opera ;tion of each mill will be separate from the otfior but oocn-
10.
[ENCLOSURE]
oroy of o on st motion will be reached.
10 pits will cost, $157,500,00
Brick lining of pits, 85,000.00
Stone at top, fa,. 85.ooo.nn
7,300.00
! BldB hWlRC b90n “ked ^«.l3 to give the power
in blocks of say 1,000 horse power to each wheel under a
| W 01 C° feet* 1 h-e the cost of placing 10 pairs
of wheels in the 10 pits, selecting data from what I con- ; aider a high cost. io wheels to deliver 1,000 horse power frcni oa oh shaft 20,000 in all:
10 double wheals, . $150,050.00
Oablos to surface to first
Jackshaft, . . 14,550.00
{ 10 cover the whole cost say, land at option, rights, &c. i s-o given to me by J.tr.Stot-
i Estimate of proposed additional land to give sufficient length to the first canal.
Interact during construction, and incidental expense.1; ,
Main tunnel , . . . , . .
first crons tunnol, .
Canal and masonry, ...
10 pits, ..... ,
■flhael3 end cables . '
Total cost.
$165,000.00
$510,000.00
30.000.00 $551,000.00
15,000.00
85,000,00 787,980.00 87,594.00 142,600.00 807,600.00 165.000 .00
$1,960,574.00
This sum which covers the whole cost of developing the first 80,000 horse power that can bo rented, also cover* the cost of all tho land and the most oostiy part of the
11. i
[ENCLOSURE]
main tunnel and applies to the reduction of the coot of power of all other mill sites on the land of the Company, 'fho total cost divided by the horse power developed now, i say by 20,000, shows that each horse power will coat the j ***** only $08.30 power to the amount of 20,000 H.P. i rented at §S- per H-?- Per ^11 pay the intorost on
the whole investment and all .receipts beyond that price | Wil1 b° ?rofU* ®1e yal«a of the investment, i8 however,
; bettor shown by the still further development of tho scheme ! lf C Beeond cenEl be b"U* and the main canal carried t0 |
it, the coot of such construction on the basis of the first [ QstiE,st0* is* not count! ne the gain to be made by the | C0rJp£my UOlnE «» power to drive tho work which use
of their own
resources I feel suro will :
> the cost of
|
tho const. ructions at. |
leest 1/0, |
we have , |
|
Main tunnel, . . . |
. $165,000.00 |
|
|
Orosc tunnel, . . . |
25,000. |
|
|
Outlet tunnels, . . |
6.500. |
31,500.00 j |
|
? Canal , .... |
. 150,000,00 | |
|
|
12 pits, . . , , |
: 250,000.00 |
|
|
|: 12 sots of wheels. |
. . . . |
180,780.00 |
|
I Oablea, &o., . . |
17,220.00 |
|
|
|: Incidentals, . . |
‘ * • * |
• - 5,000.00 $889,400.00 |
Shis sum divided by the 24,000 horse power it re¬ presents makes each H. P. B $38.00 or reduced one-sixth by reason of the use of tho power at contend of the Company, wo have a cost per horse power of about $32.66 as $1.63 por H.P. for 24,000 H.P. will pay the interest on this, all
[ENCLOSURE]
j j
I rental ebovo that prioo will bo profit.
In estimating the cost of thin work, I have taken figures that will cover advorao conditions not likely to bo j mot with in the proseoution of the enterprise. Prom those j | familiar with the cround about Hiagara I find the water is obtained at A* as £0 to 35 foot, and that below 30 foot tho J rock is tight. She water found in digging wells on the property of tho Company has been reached at or before the j depths named, and the record of the, boring of the gaa well '
I ahwed the solidity of the rook bolow 30 feet. She nature ! of the rock formation is favorable to tho construction of an tuilined tunnel. Olio atone lies in almost level layers I and ean bo taken out to leave a comparatively smooth wall end regular floor. In calculating tho capacity of the tunnel I have worked with Mutter1 a formula taking as the j value of tho roughness of tho walla tho co-offlciont for •rubble * n- .017 checking the calculation by the formula | other engineers and aostaning a roughness with such formula of n ,02.
Hature in offering this great water power has pi sc - ! od 1* where it can be taken edvantage of at low eo3t. Hie f dam built by othor than human hands, 1b for all time so far as this property above the rapids is concerned: The rook 3 ] ii® ready to afford a smooth water way upon removal and furnish tho defence against wear. Authorities differ in the estimate of water passing down this river, Mr. Dwight estimating as high as 361,392,742 cubio foot per minute;
Mr. Perkins as low as 5,087,533 cubic feet per minute; and
[ENCLOSURE]
Mr. Darby assumes 27,870,400, while Ur. Burro tt hso by = thl’30 *“*vatlo».s reaped the amount of 19,600,000. An wo race of all ibur gives over 108,000,000, whilo the avor-
j ES6 0rt5',e of Mr. Derby with that of Mr. Barrett
j tfivoe ua 84,000,000 to draw from. If thl B Company proc- ooutos Itc enterpriaa and aucoedda in developing 120,000 horae povntr and can rent that much force they will then bo armring from the mighty stream only 970,000 cubic feet j por minute a matter of .04 per cent of the lower estimates ! j °f VOlU11<i* So far ns tho appeoranoo of the groit Water |
| 'B,n;L1 le conooinea the water taken by this and other in- j dus tries such as the Brio Can si and Hydraulic Canal and the present enterprise , trill not bo noticed. Variations in height of water from the action of the ico, winds, &o. make frem time to time changes so vastly groat. or than this amount , without seemingly detracting from the wonder of the world.
The value of waterpower as conpared to steam powor has induced manufacturers to go to vast expense in building dans on rivers and developing power by artificial moans that require fonatent attention and heavy expense to main¬ tain. Iho scattered powero afforded by the rapid flowing rivers and by mighty springe particularly in the south have been attractive inducemjnts to manufacturers to seek such water powers even at distance greatly removed fror, trade centres .
The property at the option of the Niagara River Hydraulic Tunnel, Power and Sower .Company extending for
[ENCLOSURE]
? diBt0n°° °f 0ror oi^ alone the river bank |
■ onn bo voiy much increased in area by the material taken j
I fl'°m th° °Xeovationa “«» a^o be able to furnish mch I j; v‘:lutibl0 building not erials for the mills. Beyond tho f BailrOCa that b"»* one aide il0B aM irant!nao
, territory fbr the dwelling houaoa of those employed, and I pp*,MBtta« *“***« altos att motive and health. n» railroad g and canals boaddeo tjio river navigation offer ; facilities for transit unoqualed by any approxiraat oly j
similar entciprioe. j
f *Ma0 intor rated in 13,1a attempt to use tho power j
j of Niagara have the example of the Hydraulic Canal now j worked to its utmost present oapaoity to judge of tho j relative advantage of tho two systems. Oho Ily dr tnlio Omal carries tho miter to tho mill sites below where this i tunnol will discharge and that at » groat cost in surface ; oanel more costly in const ruction and main tenon co thm un- lined tunnol s. Olio low cost of power obtained from tho said river by tho pro© nt enterprise must for many yoars be a bar to tho profitable onlare*nont of the Hydraulic
| C0na:i V,h0n the VElU0 of th® Property fbr mill sitss on tho bluff are token into consideration,
| Tho digging of this one tunnel up to tho firot our-
j fa°° °anal offor oitoc ond power at lower cost
than any location now known. A rental man io iontly at- ; traotlvo to brin£ manuf ac turors to tho place will pay a ! handQOrao profit on the In vest non t while the extension of the enterprise to its completion, will add vastly to the j 15.
[ENCLOSURE]
profit oven if that profit is not increased by the trans¬ portation of power by knev/n moans to more distant locali- ties.
Sor the purpose of the present estimate the surface | 0“nal3 been plrnod 1300 root from each other, but tho
■ PJWbQain is ono that should bo onrofUlly considered in iso¬ lation to the kind of industries and tho yard room requir¬ ed by each, before the ground is laid out. Buffalo Street I passing diagonally through the lands may perhaps require j
rs -locating but the present estimate ia based on its rc- j
maining c\o now located. I can see no reason why it may j not be mode to serve as ono of tho many at roots in the j
| Croat manufacturing town proposed.
'Hie uniform distribution of power of 2,000 horso power to each wheel pit and the carrying of this in blocks of 1,000 H.F. to oech of tho mill sites one on either side of the pit, will enable the property to be rented to atf» ventage oven to small usors as tho rope transmission in some oases will enable whole rowa of small industries to take J>Sio place of any one large factory.
If tho present report reatlts in the prosecution of , the enterprise I fool sure that careful condderatlon of | 0och of tha »ony considerations that go to make up tho 5 w5l0l° will result in a very marked reduction from the p~er. _
!i
-j ont cost as estimated.
®ia limited time at my disposal has made mo rcluo— i; tant to advise alternates from tho plan submitted that may li laafco roduotion of cost by a j /change in tho locution of tho
j v
16.
[ENCLOSURE]
; wain tunnel. it i„ „ow ,,Iaoart
Llj noKii to the line of the
! ’“ay°“ " ■■“““•• U't about 000
! t,Bt “ «“ •*« «»♦ ‘mmolo to the „oto
1 not „ Iomtton
! ** 1<'°°t •52-00'’-0” K,P »“» '—I «* may be
: mix cm^rlnc. o,„ change IloTOr ^
racoMsd aa the careful consideration or this “ Pl“s *° s“‘ >m hoop baolt „ report,
a.;on its mom features ore 30 touch seeded. Hinting at =ueh methods of reducing cost I sou conclude this stage
of m. of »J, most interesting engineering problems over | pliven mo to c anaidoi*. j
Very r 031100 tfully,
Coleman Sellers,
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1889. Electric Light - Armington and Sims (D-89-34)
This folder contains correspondence concerning the steam engines supplied to Edison by the Armington and Sims Engine Co. Among the
18 a Ietter about the operation of the Edison central station in .Philadelphia.
All the documents have been filmed except for duplicate copies of selected documents.
[ENCLOSURE]
ALEXANDER J. PORTER,
y 9(yaf*A*& 3UU, ?[. 'ij /SS ^
/^ty ^^Ix. - -
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jEm/sate C 'o ws' i w.
{$Y//m/mcvv*\>txi**y wrAdSfo
’/r fi’MjHr/tt/.
Bear Edison*-
v/ys?
Enclosed ftsid a gentle reminder of gee, '
Washington
Alee roper# «a Speed' ff Our double engine which 4e connected by flexible ebupllng'.dtfee* ** your No, 1 Multipelar Marine Byname «#- Volts loo Am. 400 Rav. f We have built several comPouW,»oubie Engine* for the gover*. mnU ***h Puil(*y We four grooves for i uz inch eotton r*pe. Speed about See* feet F or minute.
Aft Eloetnoai Paper published in Boston, recent¬ ly compared fur engine* In your now y*r* and Philadelphia
*HJ> oonjpound ooadonsing engines .f *„* Ceriu. Iyp*» preference to the lat»or. ram quite
ftwiou. |e read the paper ff Prof.Mar*8 at last Ed i eon &~ convonttoa ftad get hie views, ws are o.astantly en th. l«k out tor infermatlen oa this subject, and find .cm. trsaoh Engineer, have gene daft .a article High Speed
(2)
Compound, for connecting direct to dynamo ae we have done tor Ship lighting, and several have been built for the Freneh Navy. A great claim has been made for this combi- nation, but a letter just received from a prominent en¬ gineer Who Is thoroughly posted as regards continental practice says, * the compound engine which his been all the g* in irance for eUetrie lighting. Is net * success.*
I 4tt*te from Eenden Engineering, Eeb.ath, 1889 Page 13? on Compound LocOmottves.
*A latter from Mr* s,w« Johnson, of the Midi gad Railway* was first read by the secretary, The writer said he had had no personal experience with compound locomotives* but had watched their development very close, ly. He found the results such aw he would expect to be •btamed by higher pressures, end *«»ter expansion, even If net accompanied by expounding* H« had seen a* data by which a cxparisen could bo farmed between the res- pective merit* .f simple and compound loeoaotlvo engine, in Which tha unit pros*,** and ^ numb.r of expanse*, had been used in both cases. Ho considered data other, wise obtained of no yalue. The increased pressure used m expound engines had moulted i* a* icenemy of b
but th. real question wae. Would that oconomy have boon i
{3)
obtained had the higher pressure steam been expanded to an equal ratio in an ordinary engine? If this question were answered in the affirmative, where was the advantage of compounding? The writer gave some particulars of coal consumption etc., which had come under hit experience man ordinary engine using steam at a high pressure, and these, it appeared, came out about the samt as those re¬ corded In connection With Mr, v/ebb's compounds,*
Enclosed rind copy of latter,* practical one On the subject, that is of Interest, Much has been Said 9t late on the subject *f compounding, without condensing*
Our Philadelphia engines will demonstrate which Is the best, 1
Sincerely tours,
[ENCLOSURE]
G~fi ■
Providence, R. I. ,Feb. 11th. 1889.
Report of Test of Arralngton & Sims Engine for Gun-boat * VorJctown* by Lieut. T. E. De Witt Veeder, u. S. N.
1st. Test for Regulation of speed at varying loads. 2o per. cent, of Load-. 417' Revolutions.
50 * * * ’ • ' 416
0 ««i. ,
76’ ’ ■* •••416- • .
100 ‘ (Full Load) ' 416 •
Variation equal' to 4 revolutions equal to l.per.cent.
2nd. Test of Speed Variation for varying boiler press¬ ures and from full load to 2o per. cent, of full load.
Boiler Pressure. Load. r speed.
‘ * 80 lbs. Full. 425.
* ’ * 2o per. cent. 417.
V * 1°5 * Full. 416.
Extreme vai
latlon equal
2o per. cent., 42o. . to 6 Rev. equal to 1.25 per. cent. Frank Bourne,
Edison United' Mfg. Co. ,
'///. ^fi
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S^Z~L^L . — l ZtiiCCc «_ _ _
7
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. MS
Providence , R. 1.^220^-JLhtC . 188/^
Copy of Telegram sent you this day at . £&sf±i.M. by
cArmington & Sims Engine Co.
1889. Electric Light - Edison Electric Light Company - General (D-89-35)
This folder contains correspondence and other documents relating to the business of the Edison Electric Light Co. Included are letters about the technical development of meters, electric wires, and transformers. Most of the correspondence is by W. J. Jenks, director of the company’s standardizing
Approximately 60 percent of the documents have been filmed. The following categories of documents have not been filmed: routine business correspondence regarding orders and meetings; letters of transmittal and acknowledgement.
<r~\ Its J—~ •
' New York, Jan, • 3rd,- 1889. ■
A special' meeting of the Exeojutive Committee of the Board 0/ Dtreo.tors of the Edison/,Eleo,trio. Light. Company was held pusuaht to oall' at' the,. off iocs of- Mess. • Eresel, Morgan 4 Co^i on Thursdap, Jan.' 3rd.' 1889,- at' 10,30 A.M,
Present, Mess. Johnson, Coster, Sraithere, Thomas and Smith, and the Sepretatp and Comptroller, '
The Secretarp read the minutes of the meetings of Deo,' 20th and fiTtfc, respectively, whioh, on motion/ duly seo.onded, were approved,/
The Secretary imported that, he had seen Pro/.- Barker who stated that, gear Before last, he was guaranteed $50. per dap for 100 daps or $5,000. /or the pear in addition to his regular retained of $500.; that. last, pear he consented to a reduction of our guarantee to 50'-daps beopuee he believed that we would require more than that, amount' of his time.' He oja'ims that, he has been oalled upon for onlp 42 or 43' daps of his time, during tile past, pear and has therefore received onlp Me amount, of our guarantee or $2500.
He therefore unwilling to- accept a guarantee of less than 50 daps at. $50. • per dap for the oom.ing pear. But, if we prefer, he is willing to waive all. guarantee and accept. $75. per day for testimony and $50. per dap for investigation ef patents, experiments and other general' work.
On motion of Mr. Coster, dulp seconded, the Officers of the Com-' pa'np were authorised to aosept. whichever of the foregoing' propositions our patent. opURsel. map recommend. •
v The Seoretarp reported ti7at. he had been offered the, aro. light. s plant, in Elgin, Ills. 'for $3, 00O»i the plant, having a' capacity of 55 aro, lights with 45 lights connected, and having cost, to- oonttniot. somewhat' over $5, WO, On motion of Mr. Smi there, seconded bp Mr, ' Smith, it. was
RBSOtVED, that, the Officers be and hereby are authorised to offer $1600, for the plant, but the Comptroller was instructed to-, negotiate fur-’ thcr in. the matter with, a' view either to getting a counter *propoettienfrem the Owner of the plant, or to- arrange for ah issue of bonds for the purpose
0 J acquiring the property, and report thereon to this Committee at lot er meeting',-
The meeting me then adjoined. •
Attests
'T, OCn.
zUr h- •' ■■
f? *- -
New York, January 10th 1880. '
A special meeting of the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors of the Edison Electric Light Company, was held pursuant to call at the offices of Mess. Drexel, Morgan & Co. on Thursday, Jan. 10th 1889, at J0:80 A. M.
Present, Mess. Coster, Smithers, Thomas and Smith and the Secretary and Comptroller.
Mr. Thomas in the Chair.
The Secretary read the Minutes of the meeting of the ;ird. inst. which were on motion, approved.
The Secretary reported receipt of the following dividends:
$600. second semi-annual dividend from t,he Washing¬ ton (D. C.) Company. ,
$1314.49 being 86^/1 00 per cent on $5,000. of our stock in the Kansas City Company, representing the net earnings (from Oct. 1887- until Dec. 1888) of the temporary plant.
$1292. third quarterly dividend (2s) from the Rochester
Company.
The Comptroller stated that the contract with A. J.
I.awson whereby he took over the business of manufacturing in Cana¬ da expired on the 15th inst., and that we have an option of taking over the shop and property at an arbitrated value thereby reliev¬ ing ourselves of Mr. Lawson's services.
After a general discussion of the subject, it was, on motion of Mr. Costor, seconded by Mr. Smith,
RESOLVED, that the Officers of the Company be and hereby are authorised to avail ourselves of our option to take over the property, in co-operation with the other creditor’s, at an arbitrat¬ ed valuation, a new corporation to be formed for that purpose and the stock thereof to be apportioned pro rata among the creditors.
The meeting was then adjourned., .
Attest: ,
clW- •//'
d©J\I ELEgTRIg Llgjit g®.
<*/ Ht<c Mltmthrilizmg §nre;ui.
poonj 68. W. J. Jcnltg, Qireclor.
Executive Offices:
le $. is bi^oad street.
SUGGESTIONS FOR EDISON CONVENTION.
New York, Jan. 10, 1889.
Edison E'koirtf fi(. <5%^.- <-7s’ s? /O / — \
. . zS^y'r
Dear Sir :
I have undertaken to prepare for the February meeting at Kansas Citjf'of the Edison llfyr pames an evening entertainment, similar to the Lightning Protection talk at Nantasket, illustrated wi diagrams. In this case, however, the Bureau desires to' secure the practical co-operation of all pr; the business who will send within a week after receiving this letter any notes Central Station work not heretofore described, new devices or new methods of which they have accomplished, showing the progress of the business in their fii
Among such contributions may be included, for example, (I) statement of motor work ; (2) current sold to telegraph companies or for other special purpose: (3) interesting modifications of the ordinary methods of wiring, as in large buildings; (4) special lighting, as in theatres or public halls where unusual problems of distribution have been met , (5) original or special forms of switches, lightning arresters, ampere-meters, safety catches, &c. i (6) accounts of special difficulties with conductor, like electrolysis or obscure faults.
These descriptions should be accompanied when practicable by India ink drawings or sketches on pure white paper of any convenient size for photographing, say from 6 to 12 inches square, or samples of devices from which slides can be made, or if convenient photographs or lantern slides of standard stereopticon size, three and one-quarter by four inches. If you have any photographs of your station, or can obtain any, showing an outside view and the arrangement of your electrical apparatus, these will prove of great interest to many who have not had an opportunity of visiting you. If you do not wish to part vvith such photographs and will loan them to us, or will send us negatives from which slides can be made, we will see that they are carefully used and promptly returned.
Your co-operation is earnestly solicited. If you are to be present at the convention, and it is not con¬ venient to send any description at this time, we shall be grateful for a response to this letter, stating that you will be present in person and give a number of slides and accompanying descriptions. Thus we shall know to what extent we may depend upon you fora contribution. If you cannot be present, whatever signature will be shown, or read as your contribution.
By many short and interesting paragraphs we hope to greatly enhance the interest of this Convent You will appreciate the fact that any effort to be available should be prompt.
Please use the enclosed envelope for your reply.
Yours very truly,
W. J. JENKS,
Edison Electric Light Co.
or two via vs of the Laboratory, including a vuew of the Library ard perhaps other interior portions. Mr. Birdsall has also arranged to take some slides from some of Mr. Hammer's drawings and apparat¬ us; if it is proper will you kindly aLlow him to do this work under the guidance of Mr. Hammer whenever he finds it convenient to go out ?
Director.
& ll bs. ' iG, '^^CT.w
Edison Electric Light Co.
p-. s. HASTINGS, Soo’y s- EXECUTIVE OFFICES :
_ J' 1T' mqclbmbnt, Comptir. 16 S. 18 BROAD STREET,
Rew Vorlj _ January 28th . ]
©ffta of the StniulimU^litg guvciut. Room 68. W. J. Jenks, Director.
A.E. Kennelly Esq. ,
Orange, N. J. ,
Dear Sir:
We would like very much, if it is not too much trouble, to have you write a short paper for the coming Convention, detail¬ ing to the best of our present knowledge the proper practice with meter plates and solution to avoid oxidation. This will be a strictly private matter confined to Edison people. If you wish, the inclination can be given subject to future addition or alter¬ ation, but we consider it very desirable that at the Convention we should give some definite idea of what improvements have been made in meter work. Possibly your paper could be read in connect¬ ion with another one giving additional information as to details of meter work &c.
The Convention is held at 'Kansas City, Mo. , commencing Tuesday February 12th; we expect to leave New York Saturday Feb¬ ruary 9th.
Yours Very Truly,
Dire ot or.
JVeiv ro/-7iv_.Jah-.-~8th-i88S.
Personal.
My dear Mr. Tate:-
Again I am reluctantly obliged to trouble you.
In closing a company for Toronto, Canada, I have had occasion to spend a couple of days with a Mr. Nicholls and a Mr. Carr of- that City. I have shown them everything that is to be seen here but before returning to Toronto they were very anxious to see Mr. Edison and the Laboratory. I satisfied them that the cornier • would beiimpossible, and then as a last resort', agreed to give-., them a letter to you. I am very sorry ind8ed to trouble you in the matter' but I am sure that a vew minutes time with them will be- well spent and inasmuch as you are acquainted in Toronto I pre¬ sume on your good nature in giving them this letter. Whey will probably call upon you tomorrow, Saturday morning.
Very sincerely ypurs.
A, 0. Tate, Esq.
The Laboratory,
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO.
New Fo7-/r,._Eab.,__.8.tJL._1.889^_..
A. 0. Tate, Esq.
Edison's Laboratory,
Orange, N. J.
My dear Mr. Tate:-
I bake pleasure in introducing to you Mr. Nichols and Mr. Carr of Toronto.. These gentlemen are interested in the proposed Edison central station Company for Toronto and are de¬ sirous of learning as much of our system as possible during thei-r visit to this City. Any courtesies extended to them will be regarded as a special favor both by Mr. Johnson and . —
t it. JLt-tr*
EDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT CO.
10 A 18 Jl ROAD STJiEBT,
New York, ,1b. b.„ . 13th.l88R..i<S<?
My dear Mr. Tate:-
I am in receipt of your favor o± the 12th inst. and I desire to express my sincere thanks for your courtesy to our Toronto friends. I shall hope at some to have an opportunity to reciprocate.
Did you ever succeed in getting the orig¬ inal draft of those Minutes from Mr. Edison?
Secty & Treas.
To A. 0. Tate, Esq.
Edison's Laboratory, Orange, N. J<
f .6. 0 <•>■
Edison Electric Light Co.
STINGS, j^o'y O- T„,
©ffiee of the jstiutdiiritfceittjg; 3iluve;m. Room 68. W. J. Jenks, Director.
Executive Offices:
16 6- 18 BROAD STREET, Rew Yor^.-P-eb,— 'J-9-tTi,. . isag, . 1 88
Kdison, Esq©
13dis on Laboratory , Orange, N.J.
Dear Sir:-
C-'Ml ■
About ten days ago I wrote , at Mr. Wirt's suggestion, *• MeSSrS’ B°r0,,8m & °°* 3tatine «»t. you were desirous of making on experiment of easting meter plates, and asked if they eould oend you some material which could be used for that purpose. In their reply under date of Fab. 9th. they suggest that you send them a requisition for such a quantity of sine as you may need for this experiment.
V/e hove already sent to Messrs. Bergmam & Co. an out- line of a modifiedjnetcr plate, giving new dimensions in some res¬ pects; but this your Mr. Kennelly is familiar with.
Yours very truly.
Edison
EDW ARD W. JOHNSOI
Electric Light Co.
Executive Offices ;
r- 16 6 18 BROAD STREET,
Office of the Staiuftmlizing gnncan. Room 68. W. J. Jenks, Director.
Rew Yop^,.._Eeb.,-^ JtetJw— 88
A.K, Kennelly, E3q.
Caro Edison laboratory , Orange, N.J.
Dear SirJ-
I have read your report on motor experiments with the deepest intorest; thoro are many points upon which 1 th ini: vie ought to have a most careful discussion.
At the Convention tho point was made that it is now of the greatest importance to the stations to have a motor which will show the total current output. The ampere indicators do not in all respects fill the bill, and X am told by station managers that they do not check with the meters of the dynamos. Moreover, as such a meter is an indicator merely and does not regiator, it requires many observations during the twenty-four hours to get the average of the energy expended.
Please give me a little more clearly y0ur idea of the connections of tho silver meter which you propose, and whether you think it possible to connect such a meter without introducing a very large and expensive resistance.
Edison Electric Light Co
©f (to of the StstHdaerttzino guvcam. Room 68. W. J. Jenks, Director.
Executive 16& 1 Rew Y" or(j .
Offices :
18 BROAD STREET,
March, Igt, - 1 88
A. E. Kennelly. ESq.
Edison laboratory. Orange. IT. J.
Dear Sir:
Permit me to thank you for your careful letter of Fob. 20 as to Central Station Meters,. Also for figures giving results of your test on the 700 light Meter submitted by Bergman A Go'. - Both of these , together ',with your exhaustive report to Mr, Johnson, Win b° br0Ught UP at ^ Session of the Bureau, to be hold
as soon as it is possible to gather a number of able men who Oan discuss these matters intelligently.
I have stauM those mat tors anil rocomondat ions with tho d»«po,t ma j bolio,. ,h„ point out oil tho oss.nti.1
changes v/hich should be made,
Very truly Yours. "
ctt-t-c*
<Mm C'lwtra Sight (Qo,
&cecu-l'ivc. Qfficao,
16 and 18 aBzoad Sfcaat,
Gentlemen: , _
V' “2- \ j _ _
In answer to yours of Feb. I4th the slides' you have sent
us were used at Kansas City as a matter of general educational in¬ terest to the Managers of the Illuminating Companies. They will be retained in this Department for like uses lioreafter.
In case the peoplo of the Laboratory should hold meetings or evening sessions similar to those of last year, or in any other similar instances, I shall be glad to contribute the U3e of these and about Two or Three Hundred others, if you will furnish the lan-
I have been called upon in consequence of having shown these in Kansas City to supply a Western lectui’er^^oi^iews for his col¬ lection.
Under those circumstances if you consider it right that the Light Co, should pay for these slides, please send us a bill.
Miami (flettric light dfo.
M. SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE,
SxecuMve ©fficco,
16 and 18 oBzoad Sheaf,
3LEMENT, Comptli
'it .
. — Marcto,-.12A.li,._
Mr A. E. Kermelly,
Edison Labratory, Orange, N. J.
Dear Sir: -
Mr Johnson has instructed me to have another edition of 50u0 copies of the Meter pamphlet printed for Mr. Hamner1 s order at Paris. I propose to add an appendix containing a record of the recent changes made in consequence of your researches. I also wish to add one or two points of interest; among them a mention of the small amount of energy expended in the registration of the Edison meter. I shall consider it a personal favor if you will glance through. the pam¬ phlet to refresh your memory, and suggest to me any other features of interest which should be enlarged upon, or which, perhaps,have been en¬ tirely overlooked in the preparation of the paper, as I am anxious that in sending out this edition to Europe we may say all that we. can in favor of the chemical system.
Very Truly Yours,
(fMismt (Malm light (§0.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING,
. H. JOHNSON, Prest.
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16 cvnd 18 aBzoad Stzc&t,
Edison's I.abratory,
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N. J
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